1. Please have your “Lincoln Crossroads” packet and mind maps out

2. Civil War
How did Executive power increase during the Civil War? (#4) Put examples on top of note sheet

3. Business to take care of:
Have mind map and rubric out
Have Lincoln Crossroads out
Put answer for #4 on the top of today’s note sheet
Vote for top three mind maps on a sheet of paper (not yours)
Hand all 3 in separately
HW: Unit 4 Summary (multiple choice test Thursday)

4. The Union and Confederacy

5. Confederate President Jefferson Davis
Union President Abraham Lincoln

6. LINCOLN’S FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS
I hold, that in contemplation of universal law, and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper, ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination.
Goal in War: preserve the Union

7. April Sumter

8. Advantages, Disadvantages

9. North strategy- “Anaconda”
Blockade:
No exports of cotton; economy strangled
No imports of food, materials
Mississippi
Cut Confederacy in 2
Richmond
The capital

10. Northern strategy: “Anaconda”
Blockade
Mississippi
Richmond

11. Confederate strategy Defensive war; prepare and wait for attack
All they have to do is “not lose”
“War of attrition”
Inflict continuous casualties on Northern attackers
North will lose the will to fight
Europe will side with them (cotton)
Cut off trade in 61- HUGE blunder

12. 18th century tactics + 19th century technology= massive casualties
(Antietam- 23,000 casualties in one day;
5,800 dead- Iraq and Afghanistan- 5,281 dead)

13. 1862- Battle of Antietam/ Emancipation
Robert E. Lee and Confederate Army defeat Union attempts at taking Richmond…

14. Under Confederate General Robert E. Lee
Late summer ’62- Army on a roll…
INVADE NORTH (MD); victory would…
Start uprising in Maryland
Convince Europe to support South
Get food for army

16. Union
Doesn’t know where Lee is…
Secret plans found on cigar

17. Antietam 40,000 Confederates 100,000 Union September 1862
Northern Maryland

19. 1st 3 hours, 12,000 total casualties

20. By day’s end
12,000 Union casualties
14,000 Confederate casualties

21. September 17, 1862
Sept. 17, 1862=Bloodiest Day in U.S. History- 23,000 casualties
3,654 Dead
2nd Bloodiest=Sept. 11, 2001 (3,056)

22. Antietam National Cemetary

23. Lee’s retreat 1/3 of Confederate Army casualties
Retreats (limps) back to south
Invasion a failure
Northern “victory”

24. Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln
Has his victory- in a position of strength
Issues Emancipation Proclamation Nov. ’62
Ultimatum to Confederacy – “On the first day of January (1863), all persons held as slaves within any State in rebellion against the United States, shall be forever free…”
Issued “by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander in chief”

25. ***How does this solve all 4 problems above?
Lincoln: Why not free the slaves? 4 reasons:
***How does this solve all 4 problems above?
#1 Objective: save the Union, not free slaves
Political/ Military- Border states (MI, KY, DE, MD) may secede
May seem an act of desperation
Legal- Does not have the Constitutional right to do so?

26. After 1/1 1863, war turns into one over slavery

27. July 1863- turning point of the war: Grant in the west…
All that’s left is Vicksburg on Mississippi
Vicksburg was high on a bluff at a bend in the Mississippi; Gunboats were useless

28. Vicksburg
Bend in the Mississippi

29. Grant’s risky campaign
March to May 1863
Crosses Miss. South of V’burg
3 week campaign cut off from supplies…
Attacks Jackson first

30. Seige of Vicksburg, May- July 1863
2,800 shells a day for 47 days; (on average, one every 30 secs)
Starvation…. Dogs…. Horses….. Mules…… shoe leather
July 4, ,000 Confederates surrender
Statue of Grant at Vicksburg today

31. Summer 1863- The turning point of the war
Gettysburg
The speech

32. Importance of 1863 July 3, 1863- Lee retreats from G’burg
Weakened army of Northern Virginia will never threaten Union soil again
July 4, Vicksburg surrendered
Mississippi River now in Union hands

33. Nov. 1863- the Gettysburg Address http://www. youtube. com/watch