The Cold War Era

President Harry S. Truman

Changes in the life of the Avg. American Rise of the Middle Class T.V. Homes-own Highways and Automobiles Women and Work Baby Boom

G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS 8 MILL TO SCHOOL 2 MILL HIGHER LEARNING

COMMUNISM VS. CAPITALISM Post War Germany USSR vs. America Containment The “Domino Theory”

A New Form of Foreign Policy Truman Doctrine NATO

Marshall Plan United StatesUnited States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism.World War II Communism The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April The goals of the United States were to rebuild a war-devastated region, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and make Europe prosperous again.trade barriers

The Cold War Definition… Escalation of weapons –1949 Soviets have the A-Bomb –1952 U.S. have the H-Bomb –1953 Soviets have the H-Bomb

United Nations Definition Soviet Union vs. U.S. Security Council –Big Five

Russia Expanding Poland Baltic Republics “friendly states” Churchill –Fulton Missouri –Iron Curtain

Beware of Russia George F. Kennan Dean Acheson –Containment

European Recovery Program Marshall, Czech. Revolution, $12 billion

“Had Enough” – 80 th Congress Undo New Deal Taft-Hartley Act 22 nd Amendment Pres. Succession Act

Truman vs. Congress “Fair Deal” Committee on Civil Rights 1946 Desegregation of Armed Forces1948

“Do-Nothing” Congress Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan National Security Act National Security Council –CIA

Potsdam Conference Stalin, Truman, and Churchill Germany – zones Nuremberg Trials

NATONATO Creation, April 4, 1949 Article 5 Gen. Eisenhower –Commander of the NATO forces

Germany Western Zone Single Unit Eur. Recovery Act Berlin Blockade

The Red Scare in America The Smith Act 1940 Committee of Un- American Activities Senator Joseph McCarthy –McCarthyism –The Rosenbergs

Nothing new A. Mitchell Palmer Mass Hysteria –Terrorist attacks (Wall St.) –Deportations

Sen. Joseph McCarthy Bio Wheeling Speech Primary sources

HUAC Questions asked 5 th Amendment

-June What is the Washington Post cartoonist portraying in his drawing?

-April "You read books, eh?" During the postwar anti- communist campaign hundreds of elementary and high school teachers were investigated and lost their jobs, sometimes as a result of being named by proliferating "anti-subversive" groups and individuals. Some individuals compiled and circulated their own blacklists, which were accepted by frightened employers and casting directors who feared being blacklisted themselves if they sought facts and fair play. The motives of some self- serving or vindictive accusers were summed up by Herb Block in a phrase: "If you can't crush the commies, you can nail a neighbor."

Misconceptions Name Length Soviets painting the world red with blood

Success Alger Hiss Julius Rosenberg

Failure Ethel Rosenberg Ayn Rand

Too Far Ike and the Army Edward R. Murrow Movie clip

Consequences African Americans struggle –Human rights vs. Civil Rights

Entertainment Industry –Hollywood Ten -Even W. Disney had to appear before HUAC. -The ten men were convicted of contempt. Their appeals of course were denied, all served prison terms of up to one year.

World view Political chill in America Joseph McCarthy

Election of 1948 Rep. Control Congress Rep. – Tom Dewey – moderate Democrats Split –Harry S. Truman –Strom Thurmond –Henry A. Wallace

Fair Deal Min. Wage Soc. Sec. Clear Slums Low Income Homes TVA But lost on… Civil Rights Nat’l Health Ins. Repeal of Tariff Fed aid to Education Farm Incomes

USSR takes control to 38 th parallel 1948 – S. Korea - Rhee elected president N. Korea declares Peoples Republic North militarizes, South does not June 25, 1950 North attacks

June 27 th, U.N. reacts General Douglas MacArthur –Pusan –Invades Inchon

Mac Arthur on his own Mission Communists China’s threat Mac Arthur to the Yalu River “Volunteer” Chinese Back to the 38 th parallel

April 11, 1951 – Mac Arthur fired

Peace Talks June 1951 Panmunjon – 2 years July 27, 1953 Truce Police Action Casualties

Demilitarized Zone