Property of Minooka Community High School

 A word group that contains a verb and its subject; it’s also used as a sentence or as part of a sentence  Every clause has a subject and a verb-not all are complete thoughts. Complete thoughts= independent clauses Incomplete thoughts= subordinate clauses

 (Main clause) expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence EX: The outfielders missed the fly ball.  Can be a single sentence, combined with a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS), combined with a semicolon, or combined with a conjunctive adverb.

AlsoHoweverNevertheless AnywayInsteadOtherwise BesidesLikewiseStill ConsequentlyMeanwhileThen FurthermoreMoreoverTherefore

As a resultFor exampleIn other words At any rateIn additionOn the contrary By the wayIn factOn the other hand

 (Dependent) does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence EX: whom we spoke to yesterday EX: because no students have applied for them EX: Some scholarships are still available because no students have applied for them.

 *A subordinate clause may contain complements and modifiers. EX: since she told us the truth (us=I.O. & truth=D.O.) EX: when I am busy (predicate adjective) EX: after he had cooked for us (prep. phrase) EX: that he recently painted (that=D.O. & recently=adverb) EX: who they were (predicate nominative)

 A subordinate clause that modifies a noun or pronoun EX: I am now reading this book, which is a historical novel about the Irish revolt of EX: A photograph of those who had participated in the school’s Earth Day celebration. *Tells what kind or which one and generally follows the word or words it modifies

 Tells how, when, where, why, to what extent, or under what circumstances EX: Donna sounds as if she has caught a cold. EX: Before we left, we lowered the blinds. EX: You will see our house where the road turns right. EX: Will you move so that I can see?

 An adverb clause is introduced by a subordinating conjunction—a word that shows the relationship between the adverb clause and the word(s) it modifies. afterbeforeunless althougheven thoughuntil asifwhen as ifin order thatwhenever as long asprovided thatwhere as soon assincewherever as thoughso thatwhether as well asthanwhile becausethoughwhy

 A subordinate clause that is used as a noun (can be used as a Sub., P.N., D.O., I.O, or O.P.) SubjectWhat I need is my own room. Predicate NominativeThe happiest time in my life was when we went to Costa Rica for the summer. Direct ObjectShe believes that lost time is never found again. Indirect ObjectWe will give whoever wins the contest a prize. Object of PrepositionShe has written an article about how she was elected to the Senate.

howwherewhoever thatwhetherwhom whatwhichwhomever whateverwhicheverwhose whenwhowhy

 Can be classified as: simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex  1. Simple: contains 1 independent clause and no subordinate clauses. EX: Cora and Kareem bought supplies at the mall.

 2. Compound: contains 2+ independent clauses and no subordinate clauses. EX: Cora hung colorful streamers from the ceiling, and Kareem set party favors on the tables.  3. Complex: contains 1 independent clause and at least 1 subordinate clause. EX: When they had finished their work, they complimented each other on the results.

 4. Compound-complex: contains 2+ independent clauses & at least 1 subordinate clause. EX: Cora waited for just the right moment to ask Kareem to the banquet, and he promptly accepted her invitation, adding that he had been planning to ask her.