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Chapter Sections ► Characteristics of an effective delivery style ► Effective use of voice ► Effective use of body ► Delivery Methods ► Rehearsal ► Adapting to Your Audience as You Give Your Speech: The Rhetorical Situation 4

Chapter Section One Characteristics of an Effective Delivery Style 6

Delivery ► How a message is communicated orally and visually through the use of voice, body, and conversational style 3 © 2010 iofoto. Used under license from Shutterstock.com

Using a Conversational Tone ► Effective delivery is conversational ●The speaker sounds spontaneous and relaxed ●The secret to developing a conversational style is to learn the ideas of your speech rather than trying to memorize every word. 7

Being Animated ► To be animated in your speech is to be: ●Lively, ●Energetic, ●Enthusiastic, and ●Dynamic in your delivery. 8

Chapter Section Two Effective Use of Voice 9

Understanding the Characteristics of Voice ► Pitch - the highness or lowness of the tones of your voice (like musical notes) ► Volume - how loudly or softly you speak ► Rate - the speed at which you talk ► Quality – the timbre of your voice ●It can be nasal, breathy, harsh, smooth, full, thin, etc. 10

Speaking Intelligibly ► Appropriate vocal pitch ► Appropriate volume and rate of speech ► Appropriate vocal quality ► Proper articulation and pronunciation ► Accent 11

Vocal Expressiveness ► Vocal expressiveness can be achieved by: ●Changing your pitch, volume, and rate of speech; ●Stressing certain words; and ●Using pauses strategically. 12

Chapter Section Three Effective Use of Body 13

Importance of Eye Contact ► Maintaining eye contact: ●Helps audiences concentrate on the speech, ●Bolsters ethos, and ●Helps you gauge audience reaction to your ideas. 14

Facial Expression ► The eye and mouth movements that convey your, ●Personableness and good character (bolstering ethos), ●Can help you animate your speech (bolstering pathos), and ●Reflect what you’re saying and how you feel about it. 15

Gestures ► The movements of your hands, arms, and fingers, which can help intelligibility and expressiveness ●You can use gestures to: ▪Describe or emphasize what you are saying, ▪Refer to presentational aids, or ▪Clarify structure. 16

Movement ► Changing the position or location of your entire body during your speech ► Movements should be motivated by specific purposes, such as: ●Emphasizing an important idea, ●Referencing a presentational aid, or ●Clarifying macrostructure. 17

Posture ► The bearing with which you hold your body ●Good posture can communicate a sense of competence and confidence, which enhances your ethos. © Bill Aron PhotoEdit 18

Poise ► A graceful and controlled use of the body that gives the impression that you are self- assured, calm, and dignified ●Various methods can be used to improve your poise, such as ▪Watching videotape of your sessions, ▪Practicing in front of a mirror, or ▪Getting the critique of a willing listener. 19

Guidelines for Appearance ► Consider the rhetorical situation. ► Consider your topic and purpose. ► Avoid extremes. 20 © Bab Daemmrich / The Image Works

Chapter Section Four Methods of Delivery 21

Impromptu Speeches ► An impromptu speech is one that is delivered with only seconds or minutes of advance notice for preparation. ► They are usually: ●Presented without referring to notes of any kind, and ●Challenging to organize. 22

Scripted Speeches ► Prepared by creating a complete written manuscript and delivered by reading or memorizing a written copy ●Much time and skill is required to effectively prepare and deliver them. ●Usually reserved for important occasions that have important consequences. 23

Extemporaneous Speeches ► Researched and planned ahead of time, but the exact wording is not scripted and will vary somewhat from presentation to presentation ●Easiest to give effectively ●Able to prepare thoughts and notes ahead of time ●Does not require as lengthy a preparation as extemporaneous speeches to be effective 24

Chapter Section Five Rehearsal 26

Rehearsal ► The process of practicing your speech aloud ●Practice out loud and give yourself sufficient time to: ▪Revise, ▪Evaluate, and ▪Mull over all aspects of the speech. © Michael Newman / PhotoEdit 27

Preparing Speaking Notes ► Prepare a key-word outline of your speech, including hard-to-remember information such as quotations and statistics, as well as delivery cues designed to help trigger memory. ●The best notes contain the fewest words possible written in lettering large enough to be seen instantly at a distance. 28

Handling Presentational Aids ► Carefully plan their use. ► Consider audience needs carefully. ► Share them only when talking about them. ► Display only when everyone in the audience can see and hear them. ► Talk to your audience, not to the presentational aid, and avoid passing objects through the audience. 29

Goals of Rehearsing and Refining Delivery ► Practice language choices so they are appropriate, accurate, clear, and vivid. ► Practice your speech aloud until your voice and body convey your ideas conversationally, intelligibly, and expressively. ► Practice using presentational aids. ► Analyze how well it went and set goals for the next practice session. 30

Timetable 31

Chapter Section Six Adapting to Your Audience as You Give Your Speech: The Rhetorical Situation 32

Adapting to Audience ► Be aware of and respond to audience feedback. ► Be prepared to use alternative developmental material. ► Correct yourself when you misspeak. ► Adapt to unexpected events and audience reactions. ► Handle questions respectfully. 33