Reformation “What must I do to be saved?”

Impact of Renaissance Italian Renaissance started a movement: Christian Humanism –Major goal was the reform of Christianity –Believed in the ability of human beings to reason and improve themselves –Thought if people read the Classics and basic Christian texts people would become more pious

What does pious mean? “Having or showing a dutiful spirit of reverence for God or an earnest wish to fulfill religious obligations” Christian Humanists thought inner piety would bring about a reform of the church

So, Believed people should read Believed people would become good from reading So, they supported schools *In order to CHANGE the church needed to change the humans who made up the church!

Desiderius Erasmus An EXAMPLE of a Christian Humanist Gave up being a monk- wandered Europe Spread the Philosophy of Christ

Philosophy of Christ Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis Inward feelings of religion = Important External forms = Not important Wrote “The Praise of The Folly”

Other Critics John Wycliffe of England & Jan Hus - Denied that the Pope had the right to worldly powers -Bible had more authority than Church leaders

Corruption In Catholic Church Between popes are referred to as the “Renaissance Popes” Too concerned with Italian politics –Julius II = “warrior Pope” who personally led armies against his enemies –Popes were patrons of art and architecture

Clergy also preoccupied by money… To increase revenue, many took on more than one job = PLURALISM This led to absenteeism

Salvation The Catholic Church believed to get to heaven you needed to: 1.Have Faith- meaning being a good Catholic (pray, go to Church, etc.) 2.Do good Work During the Renaissance, people also believed they could buy relics or indulgences

MARTIN LUTHERMARTIN LUTHER Was a professor of theology at the University of Wittenberg

Salvation (According to Luther) According to Luther, humans were powerless in the eyes of God Therefore they could NEVER do enough good works to get into heaven To Luther, humans are saved through faith ALONE

Luther’s Teachings Taught that salvation happened from FAITH ALONE Bible = chief guide to religious truths Disagreed with Johann Tetzel who once said: “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.”

October 31, 1517 Posted 95 Theses on the castle door Criticized indulgences!

Reaction of Pope Leo

Spread… Thousands of copies spread throughout Germany Luther began a break: Attacked the sacraments Kept baptism & Lord’s supper Allowed clergy to marry

Now the Pope is mad… Church excommunicates Luther Brought before legislative assembly of Roman Empire (headed by Charles V) Charles V passed the Edict of Worms

Edict of Worms Martin Luther= an outlaw His works are to be burned Luther should be captured

Luther’s ideas start a Revolution….

Groups… Fill in Charts!

Path to Salvation Catholic –Faith –Do Good Work –During Renaissance: Buying indulgences Buying relics Lutheran –Faith

Source of Truth Catholic –Bible –Pope/ Priests Lutheran –Bible

Sacraments Catholic 7 Sacraments Lutheran 2 Sacraments Baptism Communion

Design of Church Catholic –Gothic Cathedrals –Large, dramatic, art Lutheran –Simple

Can Priests Marry? Catholic –No Lutheran –Yes

After Worms…. Luther begins to break away…. He is no longer reforming the Catholic Church- new Lutheran Church is developing

New religious services… Worship service consisted of: –Bible readings –Preaching the word of God –Song Masses held in simple churches, no longer in Latin- very plain!

Martin Luther gets married! Not Luther or Katerina!

In Germany… Rulers motivated by: Converted to Lutheran and took control of churches and land Lutheran Churches became state churches *Political leaders not the pope held the last word

Spread not all easy… Look at your group work… Peasant War in Germany Charles V Peace of Augsburg

The ruler determines the religion for the state Why does this matter? –There are religious options! –Lutheran (as a religion) is formally accepted

In England…

King of England vs. Church Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon Henry VIII (Catholic) wants to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon (Catholic) Normally the Pope would grant an annulment, but Catherine is the AUNT of Charles V MARY

Church Said No? Henry, furious, gets Parliament to rule that the King of England was supreme This Parliament was known as the Reformation Parliament

Married Anne Boleyn Elizabeth

Act of Supremacy Henry is the head of the Church Of England Anglican Church

The Six Wives of Henry VIII To satisfy his desires and to secure a male heir, Henry married six times: 1.CATHERINE OF ARAGON marriage was annulled ANNE BOLEYN who was executed and her daughter Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. 3.JANE SEYMOUR who died in 1537 after giving birth to Edward VI. 4.ANNE OF CLEVES (who Henry married sight unseen) but the marriage was annulled by Parliament 5.CATHERINE HOWARD was beheaded for adultery in CATHERINE PARR survived him.

Edward VI ( ) When Henry died, his son Edward VI rules. He was only ten years old! England fully enacted the Protestant Reformation. –Act Of Uniformity –Book of Common Prayer –Images and altars were removed from the churches in 1550.

Mary I ( ) In 1553, Mary succeeded Edward Attempted to restore Catholic doctrine and practice. Bloody Mary

Elizabeth I ( ) Ascended throne in 1558 Resolved religious disputes –Act of Supremacy Single Phillip II (Spain) *1588 Spanish Armada* England wins!!!!!

(Daughter: Mary)(Daughter: Elizabeth)(Son: Edward VI)