1. Chapter 17 Section C Reformation
CAUSES
The Renaissance emphasis on the secular and the individual challenged Church authority.
The printing press spread secular ideas.
Rulers resented the Pope’s attempt to control them.
Northern merchants resented paying church taxes to Rome.

2. PROBLEMS IN THE CHURCH Claims of corrupt leaders.
Luxurious living and spending of Church officials including the Popes.
The focus of Church leaders became worldly rather than staying religious.
Many priest and monks were poorly educated.
Priests marrying, gambling or drinking excessively.

3. Early Calls For Change
John Wycliffe Of England
John Huss Of Bohemia

4. Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas Moore

5. Girolamo Savonarola-called for people to burn their worldly possessions (Bonfire of the Vanities).

6. Martin Luther

7. Martin Luther Became a monk in 1507
Taught scripture at the University of Wittenberg
Took a stand against the selling of indulgences
Wrote the 95 Theses attacking the “Pardon Merchants”
Luther’s Actions begin the Reformation

8. Luther’s 3 Main Ideas:
People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness
All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible
All people with faith are equal. People did not need priest to interpret the Bible for them.

9. Response to Luther Pope threatened excommunication
Pope Leo X excommunicates Luther

10. Further responses to Luther
Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V issues the Edict of Worms
The Edict declares Luther as an outlaw and heretic

11. Prince Frederick the Wise of Saxony shelters Luther

12. Luther and his followers set-up their own church and are called Lutherans.
Peasants revolt in favor of Luther
Revolt horrifies Luther who urges German princes to show no mercy in putting down the revolt
Many princes share Luther’s beliefs because it will free them from the control of the Pope
Princes who support Luther and protested the control of Charles V and the Pope were called Protestants

13. Peace of Augsburg-Princes agree that the religion of each German state was to be decided by its ruler

14. Henry VIII of England needs a male heir

15. His Queen, Catherine of Aragon gives birth to a female-Mary

16. England becomes Protestant
The Pope refuses to annul his marriage
Henry has the Parliament (Reformation Parliament) pass laws ending the Pope’s authority in England
Parliament legalizes Henry’s divorce

17. Henry had secretly married Anne Boleyn

18. Parliament approves Henry’s Act of Supremacy
This Act makes the English King the Head of the Church

19. Consequences of Henry’s Change
Henry closed all Catholic Churches & Monasteries and seized all Church property
Henry increased the Monasteries power and wealth
Henry had his second wife beheaded when she did not produce an heir
He had four other wives before he died

20. Wives of Henry VIII

21. His third wife produced a son named Edward VI (ruled 6 years and died)

22. Henry’s third child was Elizabeth I

23. Henry’s daughter Mary (Bloody Mary) returned England to the Pope

24. Elizabeth I returned to Protestantism Elizabeth’s church will be called the Anglican Church or Church of England

25. Threats to Elizabeth
The Spanish Armada
Money was always short

26. TA17D
Read Pages Copy and Define the Terms on Page 500 Copy and Answer Questions 16, 17, and 18 on page 502