Starter 1.Define nationalism. 2.Define sectionalism. 3.How did Eli Whitney’s cotton gin impact the South? a)it increased the speed with which cotton could be harvested, making cotton the foundation of the southern economy. b)It made the need for slave labor less essential because a machine could now be used to do the work for which slaves had been previously needed. c)It was rejected by southerners who felt that machines might replace the hard working farmers of that region. d)It made the South the nation’s leader in manufacturing and caused many plantations to shut down so that they could be replaced with textile mills.

Goal 2 Expansion and Reform ( ) The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.

Nationalism Following the War of 1812, nationalism was a dominant political force Affected on economic and foreign policy The nation entered a period known as the Era of Good Feelings ( )  Presidencies of James Madison (DR) and James Monroe (DR) Internal improvements can be attributed to the increased level in nationalism.

Industry and Transportation Development of Technology Began to transform life in early 1800’s New methods of transporting and manufacturing goods Change the way people lived and worked Industrialization began to shape the nation

Transportation Revolution Overland transportation: Carts, wagons, sleighs, stagecoaches Pulled by horses or oxen Reduced cost of transport Development of turnpikes Improve transportation; operated by chartered companies roads users pay a toll to access. The National Road was built of crushed rock. Most advanced road in the US at the time. Paid for by the federal government. Connected Maryland to the Ohio River (present-day West Virginia).

Steamboat Travel First major development in travel Wood or coal used to run an engine (created steam) 1807

Steamboat Travel Robert Fulton: ( ) designed the first commercially successful steamboat, the Clermont. Made it easier to travel upstream. Steam-powered ships also revolutionized transatlantic travel. By 1843– nearly 700 steamboats

The Erie Canal Second advancement transportation Canals Canal network crew from 100 miles in 1816 to 3,300 miles in Best known canal The Erie Canal ran 363 miles across New York State from Lake Erie to the Hudson River. It connected New York City to Great Lakes Helped make NYC the nation's greatest commercial center and population increased.

Railroads Most advanced technology Horses pulled the first trains. Steam-powered engines soon took over. Canal vs. Railroads: cost less to build; could pull more freight or passengers; moved faster than ships. The RR industry was the first big business in America and led to the decline in the canal industry.

Industrial Revolution New technology transformed manufacturing usher in the Industrial Revolution in America. Changed nation’s economy, its culture, social life, politics Began in Great Britain in 1700s Samuel Slater opened the first textile mill. Built first water-powered textile in America, in 1793 at Pawtucket, Rhode Island. (cotton thread) Use of the family-system: the whole family worked in the mills and settled in villages owned by the factory owners and located near the mills.

The Lowell Mills Francis Cabot Lowell developed a system for mill-work in Waltham, Massachusetts and established a new town, Lowell. Manufacture cloth. Employed young, single women from farms. Called the “Lowell girls” Lived in company-owned boardinghouses that had strict rules on behavior. Later married and left the factories.

The Lowell Girls

Boardinghouses

Impact of the Factory System Changed the working lives of people Machines increased pace of work and volume of production Labor was divided into many small tasks Reduced the amount of skilled workers needed Owners benefited because untrained workers were more numerous and cost less to employ; $1 per week

Classwork Assignment - 20 minutes maximum in class (if not completed, becomes homework) - Individual assignment - Directions: Create a visual representation of nationalism and sectionalism. - Divide your paper into three sections. One section should represent nationalism. - The other sections will represent the North and the South and sectional differences of the time period. - YOU MUST USE COLOR.

Marshall and Supreme Court Boost Federal Power CaseDisputeDecisionImpact Fletcher v. Peck (1810) Sale of Indian lands in Georgia; state repealed laws voided contracts (and sales) made Property rights were protected under the Contract Clause of the Constitution First time the Supreme Court deemed a state law unconstitutional Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) New Hampshire attempted to make the college a public school changing appointment of trustees Contract Clause was strengthened to include contracts between the state and corporations Extension of Fletcher; limited power of state government McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Maryland attempted to tax the Second Bank of the US “Necessary and Proper Clause” legally allowed the federal government to institute the Second BUS Extended the power of federal law over state law Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) New York gave exclusive rights of navigation in the state to Livingston and Fulton; Gibbons was from New Jersey and was licensed by Congress New York violated the Commerce Clause of the Constitution because the case involved more than one state Established the federal government authority over interstate commerce