Verbs EG: Unit 2, Lessons 7-11

SSWBAT: 1.Provide a clear, meaning-based description of action verbs that can be useful to students even if it is incomplete.

Action verb description Action verbs name actions/ behaviors: run, think, call, write, listen, sit, stand, sweat, sing, play –They tell what someone or something is doing.

SSWBAT: 2.Provide a clear, meaning-based description of linking verbs that can be useful to students even if it is incomplete.

Linking verb description Linking verbs indicate a state of existence (being) or a sensory perception: be, feel, smell, sound, They link their subject with a (1) renaming of or (2) description of itself.

Linking verbs + renaming subject The LV be can be followed by a noun phrase (predicate nominative) that renames or tells about the LV’s subject. –Jake is an accountant. –Julie became a physician.

Linking verbs + renaming subject If a linking verb is followed by a noun, the noun must rename the verb’s subject. –You are the best student in this class! Try resemble. (Book has it as a linking verb, p. 27, but a linguist would disagree.)

Linking verbs + describing subject Sense-based LVs & seem, turn (turn gray, turn cold), be, became, etc. can precede an adjective (predicate adjective) that describes the LV’s subject. –This shirt smells clean. –Julie is energetic.

Examples: This woman is (= or describes) ____. –Julie’s cousin. (predicate nominative) –a senior. (predicate nominative) –capable. (predicate adjective) –20 years old. (predicate adjective)

SSWBAT: 3.Explain & illustrate what types of verbs belong to the linking verb set Link to renaming: be, become, remain, stay (Jake ___ an accountant.) Link to description: sensory words, got, become, seem, grew, appear, be (Jake ___ happy.)

Review 1.Provide a clear, meaning-based description of action verbs. 2.Provide a clear, meaning-based description of linking verbs. 3.Explain & illustrate what type of verbs are linking verbs.

SSWBAT: 4.Provide 2 phrase frames that can be used to test if a word is a verb. –should _____ –want to ______

Try the phrase frames Run, walk, think, talk, read, play. touch Be, feel, seem, remain, resemble, look Beautiful, awkwardly, toward, the, only

SSWBAT: 5.Name at least 3 characteristic behaviors of verbs.

Characteristic verb behaviors Can have a past tense –For regular verbs, use -ed ending –Studied, placed, saw, said, ran Can take an -ing ending (present participle morpheme)

Characteristic verb behaviors Can be made into a command: –Stay! Look! Run! Stop! *Seem (happy)! Can be made negative: –Don’t stay! Don’t look! Don’t run! Don’t stop! You don’t seem happy.

SSWBAT: 6.Define and identify the base/infinitive form of a verb. The verb that is not marked for tense or aspect. (No ending: -ed, -en, -ing)

Infinitive (base) V forms Want to ______ (happy/sad) Should _________ (a toad) Both frames take the infinitive form. –*Should kissed a toad. –*You seeming pleased.

Review 4.Provide 2 phrase frames for testing if a word is a verb. 5.Name 3 characteristic behaviors of verbs. 6.Define & identify infinitive forms of verbs.

SSWBAT: 7.Identify the “most irregular verb” in English & chart its present & past tense forms Be

Present tense forms of be Iwe you you (both/all) he/she/itthey am are is are

Past tense forms of be Iwe you you (both/all) he/she/itthey was were was were

SSWBAT: 8.Prove with example sentences that some verbs can be used either as action or linking verbs. Try feel, taste, ____

Both action & linking verb Julie felt the kitten rub against her leg. Julie felt comfortable. Jake tasted the chicken. The chicken tasted delicious.

Review 7.Identify the “most irregular” English verb & chart its present & past forms. 8.Prove with example sentences that some verbs can be both action and linking verbs.

SSWBAT: 9.Name and illustrate the type of modifier that can follow a linking verb and the type of modifier that can follow an action verb.

SSWBAT: 10.Contrast what the modifiers addressed in the previous items modify/describe.

Modifiers/descriptors after LVs Finish this sentence: You look _____. –tired, smart, happy, mature, trustworthy –Adjectives--describe LV’s subject.

Modifiers/descriptors after AVs Finish this sentence: You speak _____. –Fast, passionately, eloquently, well –Adverbs--describe the AV (about the speaking, not you).

FYI: good (adj.) and well (adv.) Does someone run good or well? Does someone look good or well? Does something taste good or well? –Does someone taste good or well?

Review 9.Name & illustrate what kind of modifier can follow a linking verb. –What kind of modifier can follow an action verb? 10.Contrast what the modifiers in item 9 modify.

SSWBAT: 11.Describe and exemplify what transitive and intransitive verbs are. Transitive verbs take an object. Intransitive verbs don’t.

Transitive and intransitive Vs What’s an object? A noun phrase (NP) that the transitive verb is acting upon. Direct objects answer the question “Whom?” or “What?”

Example (direct) objects The boy kissed the girl. –Whom? The boy threw a stick. –What?

Note: Objects only follow action verbs. Therefore, only action verbs are described as transitive or intransitive.

Transitive and intransitive Jake is studying in the library. –Intransitive--“in the library” doesn’t answer “Whom?” or “What?” Jake is studying Spanish. –Transitive--Spanish answers “What?”

SSWBAT: 12.Provide a sentence frame that can be used to determine a verb is transitive. They ____ something/someone.

SSWBAT: 13.Provide a sentence frame that can be used to determine a verb is intransitive. They ____. (No object)

Testing the frames. Transitive: –Julie answered the question. Intransitive: –Julie answered correctly.

Testing the frames. Transitive: –Julie asked Jake. Intransitive: –Julie asked first.

SSWBAT: 14. Prove some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive. Which can be both? –Sleep, tell, worry, encourage –Answer: Worry, tell (Ex: Don’t tell on us.)

Review 11. Describe & exemplify what a transitive verb is. Describe & exemplify what an intransitive verb is.

Review 12. Provide the sentence frame for determining if a verb is transitive. 13.Provide the sentence frame for determining if a verb is intransitive. 14.Prove some verbs can be both.

SSWBAT: 15. Provide a definition of a phrasal verb. 2 parts: verb + particle –Pick up, take off, hand in, hand over Similar meaning to a single verb –Clean, remove or leave, submit

SSWBAT: 16. State what part of speech phrasal verb particles can also be. Prepositions: out the door, on the floor, up the wall, off the table, over the river

SSWBAT: 17.Provide a test frame that indicates 2 (or 3) words are acting as a phrasal verb. Fit the verb phrase frames: –Want to _____ (pick up, take off, hand in) –Should ____ (pick up, take off, hand in)

SSWBAT: 18.Provide a test that can prove two words are acting together as a phrasal verb. (Note: Verb must be transitive.) –Pick the living room up. –Take your coat off. –Hand your homework in.

Can’t put a preposition after its NP Run up the bill. --> Run the bill up. Run up the stairs. --> *Run the stairs up. Look up the word. --> Look the word up. Look up the stairs. ---> *Look the stairs up.

SSWBAT: 19.Identify a situation that usually requires the parts of the phrasal verb to be separated. –*Hand in it. Hand it in. -- Object is a pronoun. –*Call up her. Call her up.

SSWBAT: 20.Provide several examples that show that sometimes a particle cannot be separated from the first word in a phrasal verb even when the phrasal verb is transitive (and the object is a pronoun).

Immovable particles Try look into, call on, step on, send for –I’ll look into that situation. –*I’ll look that situation into. –*I’ll look it into. –Please don’t call on me. –*Please don’t call me on.

Verb + 2 particles FYI: There are some 3-word phrasal verbs. –Do away with = abolish, put up with = tolerate, stand up for = defend –These don’t allow particle movement.

Review 15.Define phrasal verb. 16.Name the part of speech phrasal verb particles can be. 17.Provide a test frame that indicates 2 (or 3) words are acting together as a phrasal verb.

Review 18.Provide a test that proves 2 words are acting as a phrasal verb. 19.Identify when particle movement may be required. 20.Provide example phrasal verbs that don’t allow their parts to be separated.