Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy The study of the ______________ of an organism For example, memorizing the bones of a human Comes from the Greek ana = up; tome = to cut Literally means “_____ ________ _____” Physiology The study of the ________________ of a structure How do cardiac cells function together to make the heart beat uniformly? Comes from the Greek physio = form; logy = study of Literally means “______ _________ ______ ________”

Meet the greatest anatomy student ever... AMMO C. TOSO! A – ______________ M – ______________ M – __________________ O – ______________ C – ______________ T – ______________ O – ______________ S – ______________ O - ______________

Superior/Inferior The head is ____________ to the chest. The foot is _____________ to the knee. Anterior/Posterior The heart is _____________ to the spinal cord. The esophagus is ______________ to the trachea. Medial/Lateral The arms are ______________ to the spine. The nose is ______________ to the ears.

Proximal/Distal The shoulder is ________________ to the hands. The toes are _____________ to the hip. Superficial/Deep The hypothalamus is ________________ to the cortex. Skin is ________________ to muscle. Central/Peripheral The spinal cord is __________________ to the lungs. The ears are __________________ to the brain.

Sagittal, transverse, and coronal Used to observe internal parts of a an organism or organ

The human body is divided up into two major cavities. Those two cavities are then subdivided. The purposes of the cavities are to: let the organs __________ independently of the body wall ___________ the organs allow easy chemical ______________ between the organs and the rest of the body restrict ______________; keep it localized

Integumentary - skin

Internal conditions remain _______ ___________ despite ___________ changes Comes from the Greek homeo = similar; stasis = standing Examples: Blood pH – _____ Blood temp – _______ o F Blood pressure – _____/_____ Blood glucose concentration – _____%

A disease is an abnormal condition that upsets _______________. There are four types of disease. They are summarized in the table below. Types of DiseaseCharacteristicsExamples Restricted to one specific part of bodyPneumonia, cancer Affects many organs or entire bodyAIDS, MS Sudden onset; usually severeInfluenza, meningitis Occurs gradually; not as severeDiabetes, cancer Brief History of MedicineBrief History of Medicine (42:32)