Essentials of Human Diseases and Conditions 4 th edition Margaret Schell Frazier Jeanette Wist Drzymkowski

Chapter 6 Diseases and Conditions of the Integumentary System

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Skin and accessory organs:  Hair  Nails  Glands  Skin layers  Dermis  Epidermis  Subcutaneous layer Components of the Integumentary System

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Normal Skin

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4  cutaneous lesions or eruptions  pruritis (itching)  pain  edema (swelling)  erythema (redness)  inflammation Common Skin Condition Symptoms

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 A Few Common Skin Lesions  macule  plaque  cyst  pustule  scale  papule  nodule  vesicle  crust  fissure

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 6 Skin Lesion (cont’d.)  Note the differences between a macule and a papule:  Macule: small, flat, circumscribed lesion of different color than the rest of the skin  Papule: a small firm, elevated lesion

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 7 Dermatitis  Seborrheic dermatitis  Contact dermatitis  Atopic dermatitis (eczema)  Psoriasis Common Diseases of the Skin

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10 Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)  Note the differences between seborrheic dermatitis and contact dermatitis:  seborrheic dermatitis – idiopathic condition resulting in overproduction of sebum  contact dermatitis – localized redness and swelling caused by an irritant or allergen

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11  Acne vulgaris: an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles  Herpes zoster (shingles): an acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of painful vesicles Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)

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Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 15  Chickenpox is a precursor to shingles.  Both are caused by the herpes varicella- zoster virus. Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 16  Impetigo: contagious, superficial skin infection  Cellulitis: acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)

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Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 19 Dermatophytoses  Tinea capitis  Tinea corporis (ringworm)  Tinea unguium  Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)  Tinea cruris (jock itch)

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Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 24 Decubitis ulcers (bed sores): localized areas of dead skin Scabies: infestation by parasitic insects called itch mites Pediculus: infestation by lice; wingless parasites that feed on human blood Other Diseases of the Skin

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Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 26 Benign Tumors Seborrheic keratosis: benign growths originating in the epidermis Dermatofibroma: benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body Achrochordon (skin tag): common benign skin growths found mainly on the axilla, neck, and inguinal areas of the body

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Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 29 Premalignant Tumors Actinic keratosis: common pre-malignant lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the body  Indications: an area of rough, vascular skin, which later forms a yellow crust.

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Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 31  Non-melanoma skin cancers  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)  Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)  Malignant melanomas  The ABCs of malignant melanoma: A = asymmetry A = asymmetry B = border B = border C = color C = color D = diameter D = diameter Skin Carcinomas

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Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 35 Protection of Skin from the Sun  Avoid exposure 10 a.m.– 3 p.m.  Plan outdoor activities for early morning or late afternoon  Wear protective clothing  Use sunscreen

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 36 Abnormal Skin Pigmentation  albinism: inability to produce melanin (inherited)  vitiligo: pale, irregular patches (may be an immune system disorder)  melasma (chloasma): patches of darker skin on the face  hemangiomas: benign lesions of highly vascularized skin

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Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 40 Abnormal Skin Pigmentation (cont’d.)  nevi (moles): small, dark collections of melanocytes

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 41 Causes of Alopecia (Baldness)  heredity  aging process  systemic illness  dermatitis

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 42 Verrucae (warts): warts are elevated growths of the epidermis that result from hyperplasia More Common Diseases of the Skin

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Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 50 Sebaceous cyst Telangiectasia

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 51 Tinea unguium Ingrown Toenail Subungual Hematoma

Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 52 Strawberry hemangioma Cavernous hemagioma Varicella (chicken pox)