1. Functions / Disorders and Burns
Skin
Functions / Disorders and Burns

2. The NAIL
Nails- produced by epidermal cells over terminal ends of fingers and toes Nail Body- visible part Root- lies in a groove and hidden by a cuticle Lunula- Crescent-shaped area nearest the root Nail color may change color with change in blood flow.

3. Label the following structures: Bone, Nail root, Free Edge, Cuticle, Nail Body, Lunula

4. Functions Of the Skin Protection Against microbes
Against ultraviolet sun rays
Against harmful chemicals
Against cuts and tears
Temperature Regulation
**** ON A HOT DAY SKIN CAN REALEASE UP TO 3000 CALORIES OF BODY HEAT A DAY.
Regulation of sweat secretion
Regulation of blood flow close to the body surface (losing heat by radiation) We have much more blood flow to the skin than needed, which helps regulate temperature

5. Skin Functions Light touch Pressure Hot Cold Pain Sense organ
Receptors keep us informed of
Light touch
Pressure
Hot
Cold
Pain

6. Disorders of the Skin Skin Lesions
Elevated lesions- cast a shadow outside their edges
Papule- small firm raised lesion (warts)
Plaque-large raised lesion Psoriasis
Vesicle- blister filled with fluid (second degree burn)
Pustule-pus filled lesion (Acne)
Crust-scab (abrasion or scrape)
Wheal- raised firm lesion with a light center (hives)

7. Lesions Continued Flat lesions Depressed Lesions
Macule- Flat, discolored area (freckle)
Depressed Lesions
Excoriation- missing epidermis (a scratch)
Ulcer- Craterlike lesion (bed sore)
Fissure- deep crack or break ( athletes foot)

8. Burns
**** Treatment and recovery depend on the total area involved and severity or depth of the burn
Estimating body surface
Use the rule of nines in adults
Body divided into 11 areas of 9% each
Additional 1 % of body surface area around the genitals

9. “Rule Of Nines”

10. Classification of burns
1st degree- partial thickness, only surface layers of epidermis
2nd degree- partial thickness, involve the deep epidermal layers into the upper layers of the dermis
3rd degree- complete destruction of epidermis and dermis
May involve muscle and bone
Insensitive to pain at first because nerve endings are destroyed. Intense pain soon follows

12. Skin Infections
Impetigo- Staphylococci infection, highly contagious, usually occurs in young children
Reddish lesion (erythema) develops a yellowish crust
Can become systemic
Tinea- fungal infection
Ring worm
Jock itch
Athletes foot
Antifungal treatments usually help.

13. Skin Infections
Warts- benign neoplasm caused by papillomavirus, some can become malignant
Usually from direct contact
Can be removed by chemicals, freezing, laser
Boils or furuncles- staph infection of the hair follicle.
A group of untreated boils may turn into carbuncles

14. Vascular or inflammatory skin disorders
Decubitus ulcer- develops when pressure slows down blood flow to local areas of the skin
Uticaria or hives- red lesions called wheals caused by fluid loss from blood vessels
Associated with severe itching
Associated with allergic reactions
Scleroderma- disorders of vessels and connective tissue. Characterized by hardening
Localized
systemic

15. Vascular or inflammatory skin disorders
Psoriasis- chronic inflammatory disorder
Thought to be genetic
Inflammation accompanied by scaly plaques
Scaly plaques develop at an excessive rate
Eczema-
Most common inflammatory disorder
Inflammation often associated with papules, vesicles and crusts
Not a distinct disease but a symptom of an underlying condition
(Example , Contact dermatitis from poison ivy is an allergic reaction.)

16. Skin Cancer

17. Skin Cancer

18. Skin Cancer (3 main types)
1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Most common
Slow Growing
Hard raised nodules
If not treated it will metastasize

19. 2. Basal Cell Carcinoma Usually occurring on the face
Much less likely to metastasize
Characterized by papules with a central crater

20. 3. Melanoma Malignancy in a mole Most serious type 25% chance of death
Use the ABCD method
A- Benign moles are symmetrical
B- Borders should be distinct
C- Usually evenly colored
D- Should be ¼ inch
**** most common cause of all skin cancer is UV exposure
UV damage changes DNA causing changes in mitosis

21. Kaposi’s Sarcoma Characterized by purple lesions
Quickly spreads to lymph nodes and internal organs
Often associated with AIDS a other immune system disorders