1. Welcome to Unit 4 Seminar!

2. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 2 Components of the Integumentary System Skin and accessory organs: ◦ Hair ◦ Nails ◦ Glands ◦ Skin layers ◦ Dermis ◦ Epidermis ◦ Subcutaneous layer

3. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 3 Common Skin Condition Symptoms cutaneous lesions or eruptions pruritis (itching) pain edema (swelling) erythema (redness) inflammation

4. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 4 A Few Common Skin Lesions macule plaque cyst pustule scale burrow papule nodule vesicle crust fissure comedo

5. Slid e 5 Common Diseases of the Skin Dermatitis – inflammation of the skin Pruritus, erythema, & cutaneous lesions Acute, subacute, or chronic. Seborrheic dermatitis Contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

6. Slid e 6 Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.) The differences between seborrheic dermatitis and contact dermatitis: ◦ seborrheic dermatitis – idiopathic condition resulting in overproduction of sebum ◦ contact dermatitis – localized redness and swelling caused by an irritant or allergen.  Inherited and family history of allergic conditions

7. Slid e 7 Common Diseases of the Skin Acne vulgaris: an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles Herpes zoster (shingles): an acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of painful vesicles. Chickenpox is a precursor to shingles. Both are caused by the herpes varicella- zoster virus

8. Psoriasis Psoriatic Nail Dystrophy

9. Slid e 9 Common Diseases of the Skin Impetigo: contagious, superficial skin infection. Cause: streptococcus or staphylococcus aureus. ◦ Lesions : legs, face, trunk, and arms. Spread easily. ◦ Small vesicles surrounded by a circle of reddened skin & pruritus. Cellulitis: acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Produce enzymes that break down the skin cells.

10. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 10 Dermatophytoses ( page 250-251) Fungal infection of the skin: Tinea capitis Tinea corporis (ringworm) Tinea unguium Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) Tinea cruris (jock itch)

11. Slid e 11 Other Diseases of the Skin Decubitis ulcers (bed sores): localized areas of dead skin - Impaired blood supply to the area Early signs – shiny, red area over a bony prominence Other signs – blisters, erosions, necrosis, ulceration. Osteomyelitis and/or gangrene may result

12. Slid e 12 Benign Tumors Seborrheic keratosis: benign growths originating in the epidermis. ( pasted onto the skin). Dermatofibroma: benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body. Achrochordon (skin tag): common benign skin growths found mainly on the axilla, neck, and inguinal areas of the body

13. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 13 Premalignant Tumors Actinic keratosis: common pre-malignant lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the body Indications: an area of rough, vascular skin, which later forms a yellow crust.

14. Slid e 14 Skin Carcinomas Non-melanoma skin cancers ◦ Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ◦ Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ◦ Destruction of nerves, lymphatics, blood vessels, bones and cartilages Malignant melanomas The ABCs of malignant melanoma P.262:  A = asymmetry  B = border  C = color  D = diameter

15. Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 15 The Muscular System

16. Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 16 Fibromyalgia Fibromyalgia: a chronic pain condition associated with stiffness and tenderness that affects muscles, tendons, and joints throughout the body. The cause is unknown. Eighteen tender points used in diagnosis Treatment options Stress reduction Physical activity Medications

17. Fibromyalgia www.mc.edu/campus/users/jbaker/mariannaspage.html

18. Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 18 The Skeletal System

19. Copyright 2005 © by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slid e 19 Skeletal tissue Ligaments: tough, dense, fibrous bands of connective tissue that hold bones together Tendons: strong, tough cords of dense connective tissue that usually attach muscle to bone Cartilage: semi-smooth, dense, supporting connective tissue

20. Slid e 20 Major Spinal Disorders Lordosis: an exaggerated inward curvature of the spine Kyphosis: an abnormal outward curvature of the spine Scoliosis: a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

21. Scoliosis www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/19466.htm

22. Slid e 22 Treatment Options ◦ Lordosis : weight loss; exercises to strengthen abdomen; pelvic tilt exercises Kyphosis: exercises to strengthen muscles and ligaments; back brace to stabilize condition; spinal fusion and temporary immobilization; vertebroplasty Scoliosis: exercise to strengthen weak muscles ;back brace; fusion of the vertebrae

23. Osteomyelitis www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/9712.htm serious infection of bone that requires aggressive antibiotic treatment Caused by bacterial organisms, viruses, and fungi Characterized by inflammation, swelling, redness, pain, localized heat, and tenderness

24. Slid e 24 Osteomalacia a defective mineralization of the bones, causing them to become soft, flexible, and deformed Rickets: osteomalacia in children. Affects the growing skeleton. Treatment: ◦ vitamin D supplements ◦ add vitamin D, calcium, and calcitonin to diet ◦ exposure to sunlight

25. What Disease/Condition Am I?