1. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 0 Chapter 6 Diseases and Conditions of the Integumentary System Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Slide 1 Learning Objectives  Explain the functions of the skin.  Recognize common skin lesions.  Describe how seborrheic dermatitis affects the skin.  Discuss the common causes of contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis.

3. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 2 Learning Objectives (cont’d.)  Describe the treatment of acne vulgaris.  Explain the pathologic course of herpes zoster.  Name the etiology of impetigo.  Explain why the treatment of cellulitis is important.  Cite examples of classifications of fungal infections of the skin.

4. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 3 Learning Objectives (cont’d.)  List preventative measures for decubitis ulcers.  Name the two most common parasitic insects to infest man.  Describe how infestation can occur.  Name two common premalignant tumors.  Differentiate the three types of skin cancer.

5. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 4 Learning Objectives (cont’d.)  Describe the guidelines for avoiding excessive sun exposure.  List some conditions that are caused by the abnormal development or distribution of melanocytes.  Name some possible causes of alopecia.  State the cause of warts.  List some of the likely causes of deformed or discolored nails.

6. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 5 Chapter 6 Lesson 6.1

7. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 6 Components of the Integumentary System Skin and accessory organs:  Hair  Nails  Glands  Skin layers  Dermis  Epidermis  Subcutaneous layer

8. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Normal Skin

9. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 8 Common Skin Condition Symptoms  cutaneous lesions or eruptions  pruritis (itching)  pain  edema (swelling)  erythema (redness)  inflammation

10. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 9 A Few Common Skin Lesions  macule  plaque  cyst  pustule  scale  burrow  papule  nodule  vesicle  crust  fissure  comedo

11. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 10 Skin Lesions

12. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 11 Skin Lesion (cont’d.)  Note the differences between a macule and a papule:  Macule: small, flat, circumscribed lesion of different color than the rest of the skin  Papule: a small firm, elevated lesion

13. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 12 Skin Lesion (cont’d.)

14. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 13 Skin Lesion (cont’d.)

15. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 14 Common Diseases of the Skin Dermatitis  Seborrheic dermatitis  Contact dermatitis  Atopic dermatitis (eczema)  Psoriasis

16. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 15 Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)  Note the differences between seborrheic dermatitis and contact dermatitis:  seborrheic dermatitis – idiopathic condition resulting in overproduction of sebum  contact dermatitis – localized redness and swelling caused by an irritant or allergen

17. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 16 Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)  Acne vulgaris: an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles  Herpes zoster (shingles): an acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of painful vesicles

18. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 17 Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)  Chickenpox is a precursor to shingles.  Both are caused by the herpes varicella-zoster virus.

19. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 18 Chapter 6 Lesson 6.2

20. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 19 Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)  Impetigo: contagious, superficial skin infection  Cellulitis: acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

21. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 20 Dermatophytoses  Tinea capitis  Tinea corporis (ringworm)  Tinea unguium  Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)  Tinea cruris (jock itch)

22. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 21 Chapter 6 Lesson 6.3

23. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 22 Other Diseases of the Skin Decubitis ulcers (bed sores): localized areas of dead skin Scabies: infestation by parasitic insects called itch mites Pediculus: infestation by lice; wingless parasites that feed on human blood

24. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 23 Other Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)  Species that infest the head and body  Pediculus humanus capitis – lice that infest the head  Pediculus humanus corporis – lice that infest the body  Phthirus pubis – pubic lice (crabs)  Sarcoptes scabiei – itch mites

25. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 24 Benign Tumors Seborrheic keratosis: benign growths originating in the epidermis Dermatofibroma: benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body Achrochordon (skin tag): common benign skin growths found mainly on the axilla, neck, and inguinal areas of the body

26. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 25 Premalignant Tumors Actinic keratosis: common pre- malignant lesions found on sun- exposed areas of the body  Indications: an area of rough, vascular skin, which later forms a yellow crust.

27. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 26 Skin Carcinomas  Non-melanoma skin cancers  Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)  Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)  Malignant melanomas  The ABCs of malignant melanoma:  A = asymmetry  B = border  C = color  D = diameter

28. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 27 Protection of Skin from the Sun  Avoid exposure 10 a.m.– 3 p.m.  Plan outdoor activities for early morning or late afternoon  Wear protective clothing  Use sunscreen

29. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 28 Abnormal Skin Pigmentation  albinism: inability to produce melanin (inherited)  vitiligo: pale, irregular patches (may be an immune system disorder)  melasma (chloasma): patches of darker skin on the face  hemangiomas: benign lesions of highly vascularized skin; they may be flat (port- wine stains), elevated, or protuberant

30. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 29 Abnormal Skin Pigmentation (cont’d.)  nevi (moles): small, dark collections of melanocytes  seborrheic warts: patches of darkly pigmented skin with crusty, greasy-looking surface  pityriasis: fungal infection; causes patches of flaky, light, or dark skin on the trunk  abnormal suntan: unusual darkening of the skin resulting from properly used medications

31. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 30 Chapter 6 Lesson 6.4

32. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 31 Causes of Alopecia (Baldness)  heredity  aging process  systemic illness  dermatitis

33. Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 32 More Common Diseases of the Skin Verrucae (warts): warts are elevated growths of the epidermis that result from hyperplasia Deformed or discolored nails: any unusual thickening, color variation, or change in shape of fingernails or toenails