1. Chapter 5
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
The skin has 7 functions:
Covers underlying tissues to protect against dehydration, injury, and germ invasion
Regulates body temperature
Helps manufacture vitamin D
Serves as the site of many nerve endings
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FUNCTIONS OF THE SKIN
Temporarily stores fat, glucose, water, and salts
Screens out ultraviolet radiation
Absorbs certain drugs and chemical substances
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STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
Layers of the skin:
Epidermis - the outermost covering of epithelial cells with no blood vessels
Dermis - true skin made of connective tissue and is vascular
Subcutaneous (hypodermal layer) lies under the dermis and consists of loose connective tissue
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STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
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APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN
Hair
Nails
Sweat Glands
Sebaceous Glands
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7. THE INTEGUMENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MICROORGANISMS
Most skin bacteria are associated with hair follicles or sweat glands where nutrients and moisture are present
The best way to prevent disease is by washing the hands
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8. REPRESENTATIVE DISORDERS OF THE SKIN
Acne vulgaris
Athlete’s foot
Dermatitis
Eczema
Impetigo
Psoriasis
Ringworm
Urticaria (hives)
Boils
Herpes
Genital herpes
Shingles (herpes zoster)
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SKIN CANCER
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common and least malignant skin cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the epidermis and grows rapidly
Malignant melanoma is present in pigmented cells called melanocytes
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BURNS
Burns are the result of radiation from sun, heat, boiling water, steam, fire, chemicals, and electricity
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BURNS
Classification of burns
First degree burns
epidermis
Second degree burns
epidermis and dermis
Third degree burns
destruction of epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous
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SKIN LESIONS
Pressure Ulcers (Decubitus) are the result of constant pressure against an area of tissue that lies over a bone
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SKIN LESIONS
4 Stages of pressure ulcers are:
Stage I - skin is red but unbroken
Stage II - blisters; broken or unbroken
Stage III - all layers of skin are broken
Stage IV - ulcerated area involves underlying muscles, tendons, and bones
©2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.