1. 6:3 Integumentary System
Name for the skin and its structures
Called an organ because it contains several kinds of tissues
Called a system because it has organs and other parts that work together for a particular function
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

2. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Layers of the Skin
Epidermis: Outer most layer
Contains no nerve cells or blood vessels
Dermis: Layer underneath the epidermis
Contains blood & lymph vessels, nerves, sweat & oil glands, and hair follicles
Subcutaneous or Hypodermis: Innermost layer of the skin
Connects the skin to underlying muscles
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

3. Glands and Other Parts of the Skin
Sudoriferous Glands: Sweat glands
Aids in maintaining body temperature
Sebaceous Glands: Oil glands
Produce sebum, an oil that keeps the skin and hair from drying out
Sebum: oily, antibacterial & antifungal substance that helps prevent infections
Hair: Grows through the skin through a shaft called a follicle
Nails: Made up of dead epidermal cells packed tightly together to make a thick covering for the nail beds.
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

4. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Functions
Protection: Barrier to UV light & acts as a barrier to pathogens
Sensory perception: Nerves in the skin help the body to respond to pain, pressure, heat, & cold
Regulation of body temperature: Blood vessels in the skin dilate to cool the body and constrict to hold heat in
Storage: Acts as a temporary storage for fat, glucose, H2O, vitamins, and salt
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

5. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Continued
Absorption: Can absorb “transdermal” medications
Excretion: Helps body eliminate salt & excess H2O through perspiration
Production: Aids in the production of Vitamin D
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

6. Skin Color – Pigmentation
Melanin: Brownish/black pigment
Can absorb UV light to tan the skin
Freckles: concentrated areas of melanin
Carotene: Yellowish/red pigment
Albino: Absence of color pigments
Skin appears pink
Hair is yellow to white
Eyes appear red and are very sensitive to light
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

7. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Skin Color – Abnormal
Erythema
Reddish color
Caused by sunburn or congestion of blood vessels
Jaundice
Yellow discoloration
Usually indicates gallbladder or liver disease
Cyanosis
Blue discoloration
Associated with heart, lung, and circulatory diseases
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

8. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Skin Eruptions
Macules: flat spots on the skin (freckles)
Papules: firm raised areas on the skin (pimples)
Vesicles: blisters or fluid filled sacs
Pustules: pus-filled sacs (acne)
Crusts: scabs
Wheals: itchy, elevated areas (hives & insect bites)
Ulcer: deep area of skin loss
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

9. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Papules
Vesicles
Macules
Scab
Ulcer
Pustules
Wheals
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

10. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions
Acne vulgaris: Inflammation of the sebaceous glands
Athlete’s foot: Fungal infection usually affects the foot
Cancer: Frequently develops from a mole or prolonged exposure to the sun, tanning beds, chemicals or radiation
Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin caused by allergic reactions or exposure to an irritant poison ivy or other irritants
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

11. Disease and Abnormal Conditions (continued)
Eczema: Non-contagious condition that results in dry, itchy patches on the skin
Impetigo: High contagious skin condition caused by strep or staph infection.
Psoriasis: Non-contagious inherited skin disease that causes thick, red areas covered with scales
Ringworm: Highly contagious fungal infection that results in a circular area of itchy, scaly skin
Verrucae or warts: Caused by a virus
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

12. Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
eczema
impetigo
acne
psoriasis
warts
Skin Cancer
ringworm
Copyright © 2004 by Thomson Delmar Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.