Semester Exam Review

 What are the 3 different types of plate movements? ◦ Divergent (pulls apart) ◦ Convergent ◦ Transform

 Weathering Mechanical Chemical  Erosion ◦ Wind ◦ Water ◦ Glaciers ◦ Which is the most common

How do the following effect climate? Latitude Air Masses Continentality Elevation Mountain Barriers Ocean Currents Pressure Cells Storms

 Movement  Region  Human-Environment Interaction  Location  Place

 Why are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place? o Human movement-Planes, Trains, Cars o Information movement-phones, , mail What are some reasons people migrate?

 Push Factors What are some examples of push factors? War Government Economy Natural Hazards  Pull Factors What brings people into new places? Job Opportunities Basic Freedoms

 Urbanization (moving from country to city for more opportunities.)  Transportation (access to water routes)  Access to and availability of resources  Economic Activities Where do the majority of the people on the planet live? Why?

Show population density map of the world – where do people live?  Examine population pyramids to describe the growth and the impact of that growth  What are trends in past world population growth?

 Culture – influences how people interact with their environment, some cultures may have more technology  How humans depend on the environment is effected by the nature of the environment, the culture and values, and their level of technology  Adapting – terrace farming  Modifying – polders in Netherlands, Three Gorges Dam in China

 How do we adapt to the following?:  El Nino – trigger heavy rainfall and flooding  Floods  Tsunamis  volcanoes

 Climate – Humid Sub-tropical (formal)  Vegetation – Grassland (formal)  Language – Arab (formal)  Trade networks – NAFTA (functional)  Political units – United States (formal)  River systems – Amazon Basin (functional)  Religion – Islam (formal)  Middle East is classified as Arab language region, Islam religion region, Desert vegetation region

 War – The Crusades changed ideas, products, and technologies/Iraq conflict helped to spread democratic ideas  Trade – Silk Road  Innovations – Internet lead to global diffusion of ideas  Diffusion – Columbian Exchange changed lifestyles, trade patterns, and migration patterns

 The availability of natural resources = jobs, money, and products; so therefore, impacts the types of economic activities in an area  Compare resource and land use maps with economic activity maps  Example: the availability of diamonds in South Africa led to the exploitation of this resource by Europeans who controlled the production and distribution routes

 Transportation – steam ships and trains (impact on industry)  Energy - Three Gorges Dam in China (provides hydroelectric power and water to previously desert areas)

 Advances in technology on agriculture & natural resources (some examples: desalination, clear cutting rainforests, mechanization of farm equipment, advanced irrigation systems) 1. Environmental – use of pesticides has polluted water 2. Economic – use of pesticides has increased productivity 3. Social – use of pesticides has increased productivity and food supply world-wide

Low: What are some reasons underdeveloped countries may have a low standard of living? High: What are some things that developed countries might have that underdeveloped countries don’t?

 Primary Economic Activities The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth/ Raw materials and basic foods EX: subsistence farming, fishing, hunting and gathering, forestry, grazing  Secondary Economic Activities Manufactures finished goods EX:Metal working, automobile production, construction, textiles, engineering

 Tertiary Economic Activities The service industry Provides services to general population and businesses EX:sales, transportation, entertainment, tourism  Quaternary Economic Activities Consists of intellectual activities EX: government, scientific research, education, and information technology

 Command Economy An economy where supply and price are regulated by the government  Mixed Economy A mix between a command economy and free- enterprise. They have some government interference but not total.  Free-Market Economy Provides individuals the opportunities to make their own economic decisions, free of government constraint.

 Write down 4 types of governments and an economic system you might find with each.