ALL MEDICINES ARE DRUGS, BUT NOT ALL DRUGS ARE MEDICINES! CH. 23 MEDICINES AND DRUGS

MEDICINES Used to treat or prevent diseases Preventative Medicines: Vaccines- killed or weakened viruses that stimulate your body to produce antibodies to protect you from that disease. (Measles, Mumps, Chicken Pox, Polio) Antitoxins- to neutralize the effects of toxins(poisons) such as tetanus and diptheria

MEDICINES Pathogen Fighting Medicines Antibiotics- fight bacterial diseases, no effect on viruses Antivirals -help to lessen symptoms of viruses, but do not kill it Antifungals- fight fungal infections like athlete’s foot, yeast infections

PAIN RELIEVERS Analgesic- pain relievers- range from aspirin to narcotics Over the counter medicines- Advil, aspirin, Tylenol Prescription- Narcotics- vicodin, norco, oxycontin- need a doctor’s written instructions and dispensed only by a pharmacist

HEALTH PROMOTING MEDICINES Allergy medicines- Body regulating- insulin for diabetes Antidepressants, antipsychotic- normalize chemicals in the brain Cancer treatment- chemotherapy

SIDE EFFECTS REACTIONS TO MEDICINES OTHER THAN WHAT WAS INTENDED Additive Interaction- medicines that work together in a positive way Synergistic effect- Two or more medicines taken together that results in a greater effect than taken alone Antagonistic Interaction- The effect of one medicine cancels or reduces the effect of another medicine- or gives a negative reaction, when taken together

MEDICINE MISUSE Giving your prescription medicine to another person Taking too much or too little than prescribed Using expired medicines Mixing medicines without informing the doctor Discontinuing use without informing the physician

DRUG USE VOCABULARY Substance Abuse- Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes Illegal drugs- chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy or sell Illicit Drug use- use or sale of and substance that is illegal

INFLUENCES Peer Pressure Family Role models Media Perceptions- stereotypes- self-fullfilling prophecies

CONSEQUENCES Physical- overdose- a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking too much of a drug, body systems break down- liver, heart, brain & respiratory problems Mental/Emotional- Brain damage, destruction of goals & dreams, depression, loss of value system Social- School problems, family problems, legal problems, friend problems, societal costs

DRUG ADDICTS

ADDICTION SIGNS Tolerance- need more to achieve the same effect or sometimes any effect Psychological dependence- A person believes he needs the drug to function Physiological or Physical dependence- when a person experiences severe withdrawal symptoms after stopping use. Withdrawal- symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, chills, flashback, etc. that occur when detoxing Addiction- a physical or psychological dependence on a drug- needing it to feel somewhat normal

TND VOCABULARY TRAP T- Trial and Experimentation R- Recreational Use A- Abuse P- Pinned down or addicted

MARIJUANA Cannabis- a plant whose buds, leaves and flowers are smoked for their intoxicating effect Forms- smoked in a joint, edibles, hash Active ingredient- THC Hallucinogen and depressant Raises dopamine level in the brain, thus the term DOPE

MARIJUANA EFFECTS Hallucinations, paranoia Impaired short term memory, coordination Slow reaction time Dry mouth Heart & lung damage Weakened immune system Increased risk of lung cancer- over 400 carcinogens Increased appetite- weight gain Hormonal changes leading to infertility, sterility

SLANG NAMES Mary Jane Weed Dope Ganja Reefer MJ Grass Pot

INHALANTS Substances whose fumes are sniffed or inhaled for intoxicating effects Aerosols, glues, spray paints, gasoline Hallucinogenic effects, depresses the Central Nervous System Cardiac arrest, stopped breathing, sudden death, hallucinations

ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS Synthetic testosterone Increased muscle mass Impaired immune system Fertility problems Acne “Roid” rage Muscles can tear tendons off of bone Females grow beards, males grow breasts

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS- STIMULANTS Cocaine, crack, methamphetamine, crystal meth, nicotine Speed the central nervous system Euphoria- intense feeling of elation Highly addictive Heart and blood vessel damage Paranoia Damage brain cells

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS-DEPRESSANTS Depressants- Barbiturates, tranquilizers, Rohypnol, GHB, valium Confusion Memory loss Dizziness Loss of consciousness Date rape Impaired breathing Coma Death

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Narcotics Opium, Heroin, Morphine, Codeine, Vicodin, Norco, Oxycontin or Oxycodone Pain relievers when used medicinally Highly addictive Confusion Sedation Unconsciousness Coma Respiratory distress Increased risk of HIV and Hepatitis

PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Hallucinogens- LSD, PCP, psyilocybin mushrooms, Ecstasy (MDMA), Ketamine Delusions Hallucinations Paranoia Depression Memory Loss Loss of inhibitions Kidney and Heart failure Panic Aggression, violence

FAMOUS DRUG ADDICTS OR ALCOHOLICS Kurt CobainMel Gibson EminemCharlie Sheen Elvis PresleyJimi Hendrix Michael JacksonJim Morrison John BelushiJanis Joplin Amy WinehouseHeath Ledger Rush LimbaughBrittany Murphy Ray CharlesBetty Ford Whitney HoustonRobert Downey Jr Lindsay LohanChris Farley Brittney SpearsRiver Phoenix