Molecules of Life

Glucose :

Galactose

Fructose

Carbohydrates are made of Sugars A sugar made of one unit is called a: Monosaccharide Examples: Glucose – often called blood sugar Fructose – sugar from fruit Galactose – sugar found in milk

Dextrose

Disaccharides These sugars are made up of two sugar units (2 Monosaccarides) Example: Sucrose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose Lactose (milk sugar) = glucose + galactose Maltose (malt sugar) = glucose + glucose

S ucrose

Polysaccharides These sugars are made up of multiple numbers of monosaccharide bonded together. Examples: Starch Cellulose Glycogen

Starch

Polysaccharides

Cellulose

Glycogen

Fats Lipids Triglycerides

1 Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

Triglycerides are fats that contain, in varying proportions, three groups of fatty acids – Saturated, Polyunsaturated Monounsaturated.

Saturated Fats are the only fatty acids that raise blood cholesterol levels. Butter Margarine Fats in meat and dairy products

Monounsaturated Fats do not raise blood cholesterol levels. (are made from plants) Canola olive oil other cooking oils.

Steroids as Fats The main feature, as in all lipids, is the large number of carbon-hydrogens which make steroids non-polar. Steroids include such well known compounds as cholesterol, sex hormones, birth control pills, cortisone, and anabolic steroids

Cholesterol is an essential fat made by the liver. Many people get additional cholesterol by eating meat and dairy products. Too much dietary intake may raise blood cholesterol levels, and lead to heart disease.

Steroids EstrogenTestosterone

Cell Membrane

Proteins

Amino Acid Basic Structure

Alanine

Glycine

AlanineGlycine

Proteins - Are made up of chains of amino acids (AA) (C H O N and S) - There are 20 amino acids your body uses to make necessary proteins -The amino acids your body does not create (biosynthesize) you get thru your diet.

Function of Proteins…. Enzymatic Catalyst Transport Molecules Storage Molecules Locomotion (muscles) Mechanical Support (skin, hair, bone) Vision Antibody responses

All Amino Acids contain …. One Central Carbon Atom (-C-) One Carboxyl group (-COOH) One Amine group (-NH 2 ) And An R Group ?

Myoglobin-globular

Collagen-fibrous

Trans Fat stays solid at room temperature. used in fast foods, fried foods and/or commercially processed food because... enhances the food flavor, taste and texture. increases the shelf life of the food products

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quatranary

Titin-27k aa

BioChem Quiz Why is Water Important Reading What is water all about Notes CFP Packet Notes on Fats/ CArbos and Proteins (Note book Notes)

Quiz A Figure 1 H--O—H Figure 2

Quiz B Fig. #1 Fig. #2