VERBS

What is a verb? a.A word which expresses an action; tells what is being done to, by, or for the subject b.A word which expresses state of being (existence) Aka: Action words

4 Basic Forms 1.Base form 2.Present Participle 3.Past 4.Past Participle

Example Base formPresent Participle PastPast Participle To run[is] runningRan[have] ran

What have you noticed? Base form=original form Present participle=NOW (is + -ing) Past= Before NOW (base form + -d, -ed) Past participle= (helping verb + -d, -ed)

Regular Verbs Forms the past & past participle by adding –d or –ed to the end of the original form Past= add –d or –ed Past participle= have/had + add –d or –ed NOTE: some regular verbs end in –t

Irregular Verbs Forms past & past participle differently than regular verbs These are tricky & unpredictable!!!

Irregular verbs change in the following ways: 1.Changing consonants 2.Changing vowels 3.Changing vowels & consonants 4.Making no change

Just Plain Trouble.. 1. lie = to rest or recline (always intransitive; has no direct object. Ex: lie on the floor) Lie → lay → lain 2. lay = put or place something (always transitive; has a direct object. Ex: will lay carpet in room) Lay → laid → laid

Just plain trouble continued… 3. Sit = have or keep; (always intransitive; ex: I sit at that desk.) Sit → sat → sat 4.Set = place or fix in position (always intransitive; ex: you set the lamp on the table.) Set → set → set

MORE… 5. Rise = to ascend (to go up); (always intransitive; ex: the smoke rose into the sky.) Rise → rose → risen 6. Raise = to lift (transitive); ex.: John raised the window. Raise → raised → raised

MORE… 7.Let = to permit or allow; Ex: Please let me out. Let → let → let 8. Leave = abandon; depart from Leave → left → left 9. Borrow = obtain from another intent or return borrow → borrowed → borrowed

MORE… 10.Lend = to let another erson have or use something for a time lend → lent → lent Teach = to give instruction Teach → taught → taught Bring = come with some person/ thing from another place bring → brought → brought Take = to go with a person/ thing to another place Take → took → taken

What is tense? The time of an action or state of being expressed by the action\ 6 tenses: Present Past Future Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect

The three main tenses are… Present Past Future

1.) Present tense An action that is occurring NOW!!! EX: I run FUTURE= helping verb + present EX: I will run

2.) Past tense An action that occurred before the present Before NOW!!! EX: I ate last night.

3.) Future tense An action that WILL happen in the future EX: I will run today.

Compound tenses Present perfect tense Past perfect tense Future perfect tense

4.) Present perfect tense An action completed or perfected in present time. EX: She has talked to him. Formula: has + verb in past tense=present perfect

5.) Past Perfect An action which finished BEFORE a past action EX: I had ridden by bike four miles before I fell off. Formula: Had + verb in past= past perfect

6.) Future Perfect An action will be started AND finished in the future EX: I will have talked four hours to the girls before I am finished. Formula: shall/will + have + past perfect= future perfect

Future perfect continued… Shall → 1 st person Will → 2 nd & 3 rd person

Progressive Form Each tense has a progressive form Expresses continuing action or state of being Look at chart on p. 190 for different forms

Homework Complete Exercises 11 & 12

Consistency of Tense Be consistent when using verbs 1.If you are talking about events occurring at the same time, then keep verbs in the same tense 2.If you are describing events that occur at different times, then use verbs of different tenses 3.Complete exercise 13

Helping (auxiliary) verbs Comes before a main verb & expresses an attitude toward the action Common auxiliary verbs: Can, could May Must Might Ought Will, shall Should would Complete exercise 14

Active/Passive Voice Action= subject of verb performs the action Ex: Gym Meet brings a class together. Passive= subject of verb receives the action Ex: Gym Meet was ruined by parents rioting.

When to use passive voice When emphasizing the receiver of the action. When you do not know, or do not want to reveal the performer of the action Complete exercises 15 & Review C

Indicative mood Used to state a fact, deny a fact, or ask a question. Create your own examples. Provide 5 sentences and state why each sentence is part of the indicative mood.

Imperative Mood Used to express a direct command or request Example: Be silent! Take out your notebooks! Please write neatly on the test.

Subjunctive mood Used to express a suggestion, a necessity, a condition contrary to fact, or a wish. Examples: I wish I was taller. It is necessary to watch the O.C. on Thursday nights. Complete exercise 17

Complete the Chapter Review A, B, C, D, & E on pp GREAT JOB COMPLETING THIS UNIT!!!!