Unit 4: A Nation Divided Lesson 1: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty

Bell Ringer What are the noticeable differences b/t the North and the South? How might these tangible differences lead to larger issues?

Slavery and the Southern Economy The South was mainly agricultural with little manufacturing The main crops during the mid 1800s were rice and cotton, both of which required extensive labor to produce Though slavery was prevalent in the South, the majority of Southerners did not own slaves Image from:

Slavery: The North and South and Westward Expansion Westward expansion continued to bring this issue forward: what do we do with new territories? North: -Most states had emancipated their slaves or outlawed slavery by 1800s -Didn’t want slavery to spread to the West -Opposed slavery for political, moral, or economic reasons South: - Southern farms dependent upon slave labor -Wanted to have power in Congress in order to expand Slavery

New Western Territory In 1819 the U.S. consisted of 11 free and 11 slave states Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state in 1819 To off set the imbalance, Maine applied for statehood as a free state The Missouri Compromise granted statehood to both No slavery above Missouri Compromise Line (36*30’ latitude) Temporary solution to slavery issue

ure=

The fix worked…for 30 years Fast forward to 1849: CA gold rush causes CA to SOAR in population size. In 1849 CA applied for statehood as free state, causing a problem of unequal # of free and slave states again. But, the 36*30’ line won’t solve the problem as it cut CA in half

Compromise of 1850 The compromise: 1. California became free state 2. Slave trade ended in D.C. but could keep slaves they already had. 3. New Mexico and Utah territories could decide for themselves if they would be free or slave states. (Popular Sovereignty) 4. Fugitive Slave Act: Runaway slaves to free states must be returned to their owners. (Many Northerners refused to obey)

Bell Ringer What was the Missouri Compromise? What was the line called? What are the components of the Compromise of 1850?

Early 1800s: Strengthening of the Abolition Movement As the political discussion of slavery became more intense, so did the social movement to end slavery Abolitionist: an individual who wants to end slavery Grimke Sisters: South Carolina sisters who moved north to promote the abolitionist movement William Lloyd Garrison became one of the country’s leading abolitionists, publishing the pro-abolitionist newspaper the Liberator. Fredrick Douglass, a former slave, published the newspaper the North Star and an autobiography Grimke Sisters

Nat Turner’s Revolt Slave Codes : restrictions on slaves, preventing them from learning to read and write Nat Turner, a Virginia slave and Preacher, believed God had chosen him to lead a revolt Turner and his followers killed more than 50 people before being caught Turner and 19 men hanged! Turner’s Revolt led to states passing even stricter codes and restrictions on slaves (no more slave ministers).

Exit Ticket! 1.What two cash crops were grown in the South in the early 1800s? 2.What state was admitted as a free state in the Missouri Compromise? 3.What was the line of latitude that was the “Missouri Compromise Line”. 4.What is the phrase that means that citizens of a state could vote if they wanted their state to be free or slave? 5.What was Nat Turner’s occupation?