1. BELLWORK What were abolitionists fighting for?
Describe one fact about each of the abolitionists we studied last Thursday.
William Lloyd Garrison
David Walker
Soujourner Truth
Lucretia Mott
Nat Turner
Frederick Douglass

2. BELLWORK
Read “The Missouri Compromise” on page 168 and answer the following questions:
How did Missouri entering the Union create an imbalance of power?
What was Missouri’s view on slavery? How did the North try and change this?
What were the three provisions under the Missouri Compromise?
Name two reasons the south was unhappy with the Missouri Compromise.
THINKER: Do you think the Missouri Compromise was a fair deal? Why or why not?

3. Causes of the Civil War
“A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free…”
-Abraham Lincoln

4. On the road to the Civil War
Discussion
On the road to the Civil War

5. Missouri Compromise 1820
Missouri was the first state to emerge from the Louisiana Purchase
Would it be a slave state or a free state?
What was the issue?
There were 11 free states and 11 slave states
Equal representation in Congress
Adding Missouri as a state would off set the balance

6. Missouri Compromise 1820 The solution? Add Missouri as a slave state
36º 30’ North latitude would be the dividing line between the non-slave states in the North and slave states in the South
Maine would be added as a free state

9. What was the antebellum period?
Discussion
What was the antebellum period?

10. Antebellum Period When: From 1830 to 1861
Who: Presidents Jackson, Polk, and Lincoln
The Democratic Party – Party of the Common Man, but never opposed slavery
The Republican Party – Party of Western farmers and Eastern businessmen – they opposed the spread of slavery in the West

11. Antebellum Period What: Westward Expansion
Settlers began moving into the Louisiana Purchase territory
Settlers began moving into the Mexican Cession territory
Slavery spread to the West as Southerners moved west
The Abolitionist Movement – opposed slavery wherever it existed

12. Antebellum Period Why: Why did slavery spread?
The U.S. acquired territory by purchase, treaty or war
Every time a territory became a state, the main question was: Will it be a free state or a slave state?
How: How did slavery spread?
President No political party opposed slavery
Congress made compromises to allow the spread of slavery in the West
Supreme Court – upheld the spread of slavery

13. Discussion
What is sectionalism?

14. Sectionalism
Sectionalism is the excessive devotion to regional interests. A person’s first loyalty is to his region
The North and South were completely different in their:
a. economic system
b. political system
c. culture

15. Sectionalism The North The South Encouraged modernization
Belief that the people should decide whether an action was moral or immoral
The South
Held the present and past dear
Profitable agricultural economy based on slave labor

16. Sectionalism How: How were they different? South: North:
was based on factories and free labor
Larger population and capital (money on hand, ready to invest)
South:
was based on agriculture and slave labor
Small population and shortage of capital

17. Sectionalism
Why: Why did the difference between the two regions become so heated?
POLITICAL POWER

18. Discussion
Two different views of economic freedom and the South’s view of protection of “property”

19. The Compromise of 1850
What to do with the land we won in the Mexican-American War? (Mexican Cession)
prohibited the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
admitted California to the Union as a free state (Gold was just discovered!)
gave newly acquired territories the right to decide for themselves whether to permit slavery
included a strict fugitive slave law that required Northerners to return escaped slaves to their owners

20. The Fugitive Slave Law
The fugitive slave law made northerners accomplices to slavery, and was very expensive.
Runaways were denied the right to trial, special commissions handled cases, and received $5-$10 for every runaway.
The law also required free citizens to assist enforcement.
Northerners rioted and some cities refused to cooperate with the law.

22. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
allowed Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to allow slavery = Popular Sovereignty
caused a rush of pro and anti slavery “settlers” to fight for control (bleeding Kansas)
One southern senator even beat a northern senator with his cane on the Senate floor because of a speech he made about Kansas

25. The Dred Scott Decision
a slave claimed freedom because he had lived for a time in a free state and territory
the court declared that no slave could be a United States citizen
Congress could not prohibit slavery

27. Dred Scott Case
What effect did the conflict over slavery have on American political parties?
Who was Roger B. Taney?
Why did Scott think he was a free man? (Think about where he was living with Emerson)
Summarize the main arguments for Dred Scott and for Sanford.
What was the law on freedom according to Taney?
Why was the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional?
What power did the states have over Congress in regards to slavery?
What happened to Dred Scott after the Supreme Court decision?

28. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry
October 1859, John Brown led an interracial band of 21 men in an attack on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA.
Hoped to spark a slave rebellion
Brown and his men were captured within 36 hours
Revolt led to intense public reaction
Southern whites were terrified of a massive slave rebellion
However, not one slave was part of John Brown’s group

29. John Brown’s Trial An eloquent speaker – swayed public opinion
Gain Northern supporters
Sentenced to hang

30. American Two Party System
the Republican Party considered slavery evil and opposed its extension into Western territories
(“…there is a higher law than the Constitution” if the constitution permitted slavery, then we are morally justified to ignore it. )
the Know-Nothing Party blamed immigrants and Roman Catholics for the country's problems

31. American Two Party System
the Democratic Party was divided
Northern Democrats believed each state and territory should determine slavery status itself
Southern Democrats believed slavery was protected by the Constitution and that Congress could establish slave states