1. Domain 2
USH8
The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion.
Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics, include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, and the Grimke sisters).
Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories.
Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology, including the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism.
Describe war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso,
Explain how the Compromise of 1850 arose out of territorial expansion and population growth.

2. Learning Targets
Explain how the growing differences between the North and South affected western migration and the view of states rights.
Describe why the compromises of the 19th century postponed the Civil War

3. Slavery as a growing issue
Is it right?
Is it wrong?
Who gets to decide?
What happens when new states want to enter the union?
Should they be banned as slave states?
Should they be allowed as slave states?
Does one state have the right to tell another what they can do?

4. Tensions over slavery

5. Slavery as a way of life
Only 1 out of 4 males owned slaves in the south
Most owned only 1-2 slaves
Plantation owners
Less than 1% of population
Wealthy
Controlled southern legislatures
Represented south in Congress
Some of the largest fortunes in the country
Substinense Farmers
Landowners
1-2 house slaves
Poor landless whites
Vast majority of population
No slaves

6. Why slavery? Most Southerners objected to abolitionism
Necessary for economy
Social superiority of races
Taking care of and Christianizing “savage” Africans

7. Wilmot Proviso After Mexican-American War
Should slavery be allowed in new states?
Mexico had not allowed slavery… should the US?
Wilmot Proviso proposed banning slavery in new Southwest territory.
Senate voted it down
Based on their vote on the Wilmot Proviso, how willing is Congress to take a permanent position on the issue of slavery in the West?

8. Rise of Abolitionism Eradication of slavery
Not widely supported in North
Radicals, unwilling to compromise
Feared labor competition in north from freed slaves
1836 House of Representatives passed “gag resolution” on issue of slavery

9. William Lloyd Garrison

10. William Lloyd Garrison
Newspaper publisher
1831 – The Liberator
Radical, called for immediate emancipation of slaves
So outspoken South issued warrants and bounties for his arrest!

11. Frederick Douglass Escaped slave Great orator (speaker)
Disproved theory that slaves were inferior species
1845 wrote Narrative in the Life of Frederick Douglass
Major influence for the abolition movement
"I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong."

12. Grimké sisters Quakers Grew up in S. Carolina on a plantation
Abolitionists after seeing treatment of slaves on their family plantation
Supporters of women’s suffrage when ridiculed as abolitionists

13. Rebellions!

14. Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Virginia slave
Led revolt of 50 slaves against several plantations
Believed solar eclipse was evidence of a heaven-sent mission
Killed 60 whites before capture and ultimately executed
Restrictions on slaves would become more harsh

15. Nat Turner--1831

16. Compromises

17. Missouri Compromise (1820)
Background:
Missouri want to become state
Met all requirements
House of Representatives denied
Would upset balance between slave (11) and free states (11)
Solution:
Missouri admitted as slave state
Maine admitted same time as free state
Slavery banned north of 36° 30’ parallel west of Mississippi river

19. Missouri Compromise
Did the Missouri Compromise create a final solution to the political problem of slavery?
No!
Saved union (for now!)
North and South liked because each got something in compromise

20. Compromise of 1850
Congress started to realize the nation was threatened by the growing sectionalism over the issue of slavery
They looked for a compromise to rebuild nationalism and restore calm
The people of the NM territory could vote themselves on the issue of slavery
California would be a free state
The slave trade in Washington DC would stop
Fugitive slaves had to be returned, failure by a citizen to do so could result in fine or jail
Which of these pieces was good for the North? Which of these was good for the South?

21. Compromise of 1850 California wanted statehood (free state)
Upset balance between slave and free states
Compromise:
California enter as slave state
Popular sovereignty (vote) decide slavery issue in rest of western territories
Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C. (not actual slavery though)
Fugitive Slave Law passed
Northerners must return fugitive slaves to south of face jail/fines

23. Significance More free than slave states
Pattern against expansion of slavery in west
Avoid war – gave North time to develop industrially

24. Were these real, lasting solutions?
More like band-aids on a gaping wound.
Works for now
What happens when band-aid doesn’t work anymore?

25. States Rights

26. Nullification Crisis (1832)
Background:
Tariff of 1828 passed
Tax (50%!) on imported goods (Tariff of abominations)
North liked – protected industries
South hated – hurt trade with Britian
VP John Calhoun secretly encouraged S. Carolina to nullify law
Argued states have more power than Feds b/c created federal government
Can nullify (cancel) any federal law believed unconstitutional

27. Tariff of 1832 passed (much lower)
S. Carolina despised
Nullified tax
Threatened to secede if President Jackson tried to enforce
Jackson passed Nullification Proclamation
Denied states rights to nullify federal laws
Great Compromise
Compromise Tariff of 1833
Reduced tariff rates over next 10 years

28. What problem and debate did the nullification crisis lead to?

29. Describe how the era of Jacksonian Democracy gave birth to an era of social reforms.
What is reform and what does it mean?
What types of things need to be reformed in this school, state, country, world?
How would you go about getting these things changed.