1. Lesson 1: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty
Unit 4: A Nation Divided
Lesson 1: Tensions over Slavery and popular sovereignty

2. What does the North and South look like at this time?
What are the noticeable differences b/t the North and the South?
How might these tangible differences lead to larger issues?

3. Slavery and the Southern Economy
The South was mainly agricultural with little manufacturing
The main crops during the mid 1800s were rice and cotton, both of which required extensive labor to produce
Though slavery was prevalent in the South, the majority of Southerners did not own slaves
Image from:

4. Slavery: The North and South and Westward Expansion
-Most states had emancipated their slaves or outlawed slavery by 1800s
-Didn’t want slavery to spread to the West
-Opposed slavery for political, moral, or economic reasons
South:
-Southern farms dependent upon slave labor
-Wanted to have power in Congress in order to expand Slavery
Westward expansion continued to bring this issue forward: what do we do with new territories?

5. New Western Territory
In 1819 the U.S. consisted of 11 free and 11 slave states
Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state in 1819
To off set the imbalance, Maine applied for statehood as a
free state
The Missouri Compromise granted statehood to both
No slavery above Missouri Compromise Line (36*30’ latitude)
Temporary
solution to
slavery issue

6.
The link on the map is to the following video:

7. The fix worked…for 30 years
Fast forward to 1849: CA gold rush causes CA to SOAR in population size. In 1849 CA applied for statehood as free state, causing a problem of unequal # of free and slave states again.
But, the 36*30’ line won’t solve the problem as it cut CA in half

8. Compromise of 1850 The compromise: 1. California became free state
2. Slave trade ended in D.C. but could keep slaves they already had.
3. New Mexico and Utah territories could decide for themselves if they would be free or slave states. (Popular Sovereignty)
4. Fugitive Slave Act: Runaway slaves to free states must be returned to their owners. (Many Northerners refused to obey)

10. Early 1800s: Strengthening of the Abolition Movement
As the political discussion of slavery became more intense, so did the social movement to end slavery
Abolitionist: an individual who wants to end slavery
Grimke Sisters: South Carolina sisters who moved north to promote the abolitionist movement
William Lloyd Garrison became one of the country’s leading abolitionists, publishing the pro-abolitionist newspaper the Liberator.
Fredrick Douglass, a former
slave, published the newspaper
the North Star and an
autobiography
Grimke Sisters

11. Nat Turner’s Revolt
Slave Codes : restrictions on slaves, preventing them from learning to read and write
Nat Turner, a Virginia slave and Preacher, believed God had chosen him to lead a revolt
Turner and his followers killed more than 50 people before being caught
Turner and 19 men hanged!
Turner’s Revolt led to states
passing even stricter codes
and restrictions on
slaves (no more slave ministers).

12. Exit Ticket!
How did the Missouri Compromise temporarily settle the issue of expansion and slavery in the United States?
Why was another compromise needed in 1850?
What was the message of the abolition movement?