2. SLAVES AND ABOLITIONISTS MOST AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE ANTEBELLUM (PRE-WAR) SOUTH WERE SLAVES. IF THEY WERE FORTUNATE THEY HAD MASTERS WHO VALUED THEM AS EXPENSIVE PROPERTY IF NOT HUMAN BEINGS Slaves & Free Blacks STILL THEY WERE FORCED TO WORK LONG HOURS WERE SUBJECT TO BEING WHIPPED SLAVE WOMEN WERE OFTEN SEXUALLY EXPLOITED BY MASTERS. SLAVES USUALLY LIVED IN SHACKS PROVIDING BARE NECESSITIES FAMILIES WERE OFTEN SEPARATED

3. SLAVES AND ABOLITIONISTS ALTHOUGH SLAVE TRADE ENDED IN 1808, MILLIONS WERE STILL TRADED & SHIPPED WITHIN THE U.S. THE SALE OF SLAVES FROM THE UPPER SOUTH TO THE DEEP SOUTH BECAME KNOWN AS THE SECOND MIDDLE PASSAGE Slaves & Free Blacks

4. SLAVES AND ABOLITIONISTS MANY SLAVEHOLDERS JUSTIFIED SLAVERY BY APPEALING TO PATERNALISM (THE IDEA THAT THEY WERE ACTUALLY CARING FOR & NURTURING THEIR SLAVES. Slaves & Free Blacks

5. SLAVES AND ABOLITIONISTS MANY ALSO BELIEVED THAT SLAVES IN THE U.S. WERE BETTER OFF BECAUSE THEY HAD BEEN RESCUED FROM THE “SAVAGE” & “UNCIVILIZED” SOCIETIES IN AFRICA. Slaves & Free Blacks

6. SLAVES AND ABOLITIONISTS THERE WERE SOME FREE BLACKS LIVING IN SLAVE STATES. THEY WERE FREE BECAUSE THEY HAD PURCHASED THEIR FREEDOM, THEY WERE FREED BY MASTERS OR BORN TO FREE PARENTS. Slaves & Free Blacks MOST WORKED AS A SIMPLE LABORERS, BUT SOME EVEN OWNED BUSINESSES AND A FEW EVEN OWNED AFRICAN SLAVES THEMSELVES. THEY OFTEN WORE BADGES TO INDICATE THEY WERE FREE THEY STILL DID NOT ENJOY THE SAME RIGHTS AS WHITE CITIZENS.

7. SLAVES AND ABOLITIONISTS ABOLITIONIST WANTED TO ABOLISH SLAVERY. IMPORTANT WHITE LEADERS WERE WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON & THE GRIMKE SISTERS. The Abolitionist Movement

8. SLAVES AND ABOLITIONISTS GARRISON FOUNDED AN ANTI- SLAVERY NEWSPAPER CALLED THE LIBERATOR & HELPED ESTABLISH THE AMERICAN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY. SARAH & ANGELINA GRIMKE, MEMBERS OF A SLAVEHOLDING FAMILY, WERE WELL KNOWN FOR THEIR ANTI-SLAVERY SPEECHES The Abolitionist Movement Grimke Sisters

9. SLAVES AND ABOLITIONISTS IMPORTANT AFRICAN AMERICAN ABOLITIONISTS INCLUDED MEN LIKE FREDERICK DOUGLASS. HE ESCAPED SLAVERY, EDUCATED HIMSELF & BECAME A PROMINENT SPEAKER FOR ABOLITION. HE HELPED JOHN BROWN PLAN HIS RAID AT HARPERS FERRY. The Abolitionist Movement Fredrick Douglass

10. MISSOURI COMPROMISE SENATOR JESSE B THOMAS PROPOSED A BILL CALLING FOR MISSOURI TO BE A SLAVE STATE & MAINE A FREE STATE. IT ALSO CALLED FOR 36 O 30’N TO BE THE DIVIDING LINE BETWEEN FREE AND SLAVE STATES. ALL NEW STATES NORTH OF THE LINE WOULD BE FREE & ALL NEW STATES SOUTH OF THE LINE WOULD BE SLAVE STATES. IT WAS PASSED & SIGNED BY PRESIDENT MONROE.

11. MISSOURI COMPROMISE

12. THE WILMOT PROVISO IN 1846 THE UNITED STATES WENT TO WAR WITH MEXICO. A DEBATE INITIATED OVER THE NEW TERRITORIES PURCHASED FROM MEXICO

13. THE WILMOT PROVISO DAVID WILMOT SUGGESTED A PROVISO (CONDITION) THAT PROPOSED BANNING SLAVERY IN ALL LAND PURCHASED FROM MEXICO THE PROVISO WAS VOTED DOWN IT EXPOSED THE SERIOUS DIVISION OVER SLAVERY

14. COMPROMISE OF 1850 THIS COMPROMISE ADMITTED CALIFORNIA AS A FREE STATE & DECLARED THE UNORGANIZED TERRITORIES WOULD DECIDE THE ISSUE BY POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY (WILL OF THE MAJORITY)

15. COMPROMISE OF 1850 ALSO ATTACHED TO THE COMPROMISE WAS THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW THE LAW REQUIRED THAT NORTHERN STATES RETURN ESCAPES SLAVES TO OWNERS IN THE SOUTH.

16. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT THIS ACT ALLOWED PREVIOUSLY FREE & UNORGANIZED TERRITORIES TO PERMIT SLAVERY BY POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

17. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT SUPPORTERS OF SLAVERY & ABOLITIONIST RUSHED INTO KANSAS TO SET UP RIVAL GOVERNMENTS. THE TERRITORY BECAME KNOWN AS “BLEEDING KANSAS” BECAUSE OF THE FIGHTING.

18. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT FIGHTING OVER THE ISSUE TOOK PLACE IN THE SENATE CHARLES SUMNER SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS DENOUNCED THE ACT. PRESTON BROOKS APPROACHED SUMER ON THE SENATE FLOOR AND BEAT HIM WITH A CAIN NEARLY KILLING HIM HE WAS ABSENT FROM CONGRESS FOR 3 YEARS AS HE RECOVERED.

19. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT