All Plants: Are Eukaryotic (have a nucleus) Have cell walls made of cellulose Are Autotrophs – photosynthetic Are Non-motile (cannot move)

Plants need: Sunlight H 2 O & CO 2 Nutrients Water movement

They have the following properties: 1. No vascular tissue  Can only move water from cell to cell by way of osmosis 2. Lack true roots, stems and leaves 3. Can not grow upward 4. Live in moist environments – these plants are highly dependent on water

In the evolution of plants, plants went from living exclusively in water to living on land. These plants are called VASCULAR PLANTS

In order to survive in a new terrestrial environment, plants had to be able to do 3 things: 1.Absorb Nutrients 2.Prevent Water loss 3.Reproduce on land How did they accomplish this?

Root systems and vascular tissue that allow movement of water and nutrients through the plant body.

1.Cuticle  Waxy covering of the plant 2.Stomata  Opening that allows plants to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Seeds Contain the embryo of the plant Flowers A reproductive structure that produces pollen (sperm) and seeds (eggs)

Vascular tissue: Special tissues that can move water, nutrients and dissolved minerals through the plant body, even against the force of gravity.

True roots, stems and leaves

The ability to grow upward

Historically botanists used the term division while zoologist used the term phylum, but they are the same. Phylum = division Today these terms are interchangeable

All plants are classified into one of the following 10 divisions or phyla:

Club Mosses

Horsetails Equisetum

Ferns

Ginkgo biloba

Gnetum Welwitschia