1. Kingdom Plantae

2. What Is a Plant?
Multicellular eukaryotes that are photosynthetic autotrophs
Cell walls made of cellulose
Store surplus carbohydrates as starch
Mostly terrestrial

3. What do plants do? All plants are alike in one way.
They need three things in order to survive
Water
carbon dioxide
energy from sunlight
What do you suppose the plants use these things for?
Classify – to sort into groups based on similarities and differences

4. Cell Wall – What’s it for?
Cell walls are only found around plant cells.
Cell walls are made of specialized sugars called cellulose.
It's like taking a water balloon and putting it in a cardboard box. The balloon is protected from the outside world.
Cell walls also help a plant keep its shape. While they do protect the cells, cell walls and cellulose also allow plants to grow to great heights.
Question: What is the composition of the cell was and where is it located in relation to the cell membrane?

5. a protective covering that surrounds the seed
makes seeds.
makes the plant's food.
carries water and food to the rest of the plant.
anchor the plant in place and absorb water and other minerals from the soil.

6. Obstacles Plants Overcome
Absorb Minerals
Conserve Water
Cuticle
Stomata
Guard Cells
Reproduce on Land

7. Plants: Grouped by characteristics
Vascular
Three main parts: roots, stems and leaves
Roots can be different sizes:
Fibrous and tap roots
Storage roots; beets, carrots, sweet potatoes and turnips
Roots have different functions: anchoring the plant, taking in water and minerals, and store food.
Nonvascular
Simple; most grow in moist places
No vascular tissues.

8. A Vascular System Enables Plants to Thrive on Land
Most plants need a “plumbing” system to transport water, minerals and nutrients. This system is known as the VASCULAR SYSTEM.

9. Water and Nutrient movement
How Trees Absorb Water:
Water enters a tree through roots by osmosis and any dissolved mineral nutrients travel with it upward through the xylem (using capillary action) and into the leaves.
Ninety percent of tree water is eventually dispersed from leaf stomata, through evaporation, into the atmosphere.
That beneficial loss of water from plants is called transpiration.
Transpiration video
Question: How do tree get water and nutrients from the soil to their tops?

10. Divisions of Living Plants Are Divided into Nonvascular and Vascular
There are 3 divisions of nonvascular plants
Hepatophyta – the Liverworts
Simplest of plants (gametophytes are dominate
Flat leafy body lacking cuticle, stomata, roots, stems or leaves
Anthocerophyta – the Hornworts
Dominate gametophyte and have stomata
Bryophyta – the mosses
Small, most have simple vascular tissue
Sporophyte with slender stalk and spore capsule
“leafy” green gametophyte that lacks roots, stems and leaves

11. Plants reproduce differently
Reproduce – it means “to make more of the same kind”
Plants reproduce differently
Plants are classified by characteristics.
Plants that make seeds
Plants that do not make seeds
Flowering Plants
Conifers
Ferns
Mosses

12. Evolution of the Seed
There are 5 phyla of living seed plants. Four of these phyla are collectively known as GYMNOSPERM - conifers
The other phyla is ANGIOSPERMS – flowering plants

13. What Are the Parts of a Flower
Sepal – one of the leaf-like parts that protects a flower bud and that is usually green
Pistil – part of a flower that makes the eggs that grow into seeds
Stamen – part of a flower that makes pollen
Pollen – tiny grains that make seeds when combined with a flower’s egg
What Are the Parts of a Flower
Most flowers have four parts
Flower parts

14. Flower Anatomy Draw this in your notes!!!
What plant structures contains pollen?

15. How Fertilization Occurs
When a pollen grain reaches a pistil, it grows a thin tube to the ovary. Sperm from the pollen grain combines with an egg, and a seed forms.
Fertilization – the combination of sperm from a pollen grain with an egg to form a seed

16. Some flowering plants are
monocot seed – a seed that has one seed leaf and stored food outside the seed leaf
dicot seed – a seed that has two seed leaves that contain stored food

17. Seeds MONOCOTS DICOTS Embryo with single cotyledon
Embryo with two cotyledons
Pollen with single furrow or pore
Pollen with three furrows or pores
Flower parts in multiples of three
Flower parts in multiples of four or five
Major leaf veins parallel
Major leaf veins reticulated
Stem vacular bundles scattered
Stem vascular bundles in a ring
Roots are adventitious
Roots develop from radicle
Secondary growth absent
Secondary growth often present