Chapter 23 Plumbing Systems

Objectives After reading the chapter and reviewing the materials presented the students will be able to: Identify several types of roofing materials Distinguish between different types of exterior walls Identify the basic parts of door and window frames

Introduction Builders enclose structures as soon as possible to prevent damage to wood pieces and so interior work can continue despite inclement weather. Roofs and walls are built first on most buildings. Windows and doors are installed next. Siding is installed last. High rise buildings are completed in a different sequence. Steelworkers finish the frame one floor at a time. Next concrete workers cast the floors. Exterior walls are then added to enclose the lower floors, before the entire building frame is completed. This allows interior work, such as utility and mechanical installations, to begin while upper floors are still being fabricated.

Roofs After roof framing is completed, roofing is installed. Rough in of plumbing, electrical circuits, and HVAC can begin before the roof is installed. However insulation, drywall, and finish work is started only after the structure is completely enclosed. This protects these materials from being damaged by the weather.

Roofing Materials Built-up roofing: is a roofing method that consists of alternating layers of roofing felt (sheet of plant fiber) and bitumen (asphalt or tar). The top layer is often coated with aggregate (gravel) (fig 22-2, page 371). Sheet metal roofing: Fire resistant roofing material made from copper, lead, aluminum, and enameled steel. Shingles: Flat or curved pieces of material laid in overlapping rows on a roof deck to cover the roof. They can be made of asphalt, wood, slate, metal, clay, or concrete and are available in a variety of colors and patterns.

Installing Asphalt Shingles Before asphalt shingles can be attached to a roof, an underlayment and a drip edge must be installed (fig 22-4, page 373). Most building codes require that 15 pound roofing felt be applied as underlayment for asphalt shingles. The felt protects the roof sheathing until the asphalt shingles are installed. Drip edge: is a metal edge installed along the edge of roof decks to prevent water from dripping on the finished roof trim. Starter course: A continuous layer of shingles cut to less than full width and installed at the edge of a roof to back up the first full course of shingles. Flashing: A metal barrier installed at roof joints and angles to provide waterproofing and reinforcement (fig 22-7, page 375). Ridge cap: A finishing layer of shingles placed over the joint at the ridge of a roof.

Enclosing the Roof Overhang Cornice: The overhang of a roof at its horizontal edge (fig 22-9, page 376). The fascia is installed when the roof is framed. The soffit is the horizontal panel that encloses the underside of the cornice.

Walls Walls protect building interiors from weather. They include doors for access and windows for light and ventilation. Masonry walls: are made of brick, concrete block, tile, or stone set in mortar. House wrap: A synthetic covering applied over wall sheathing to create an air and moisture barrier between the inside and outside of a building. Head: The top portion of window and door frames (fig 22-10, page 377). Jambs: The sides of window and door frames. Threshold: The bottom of a door frame. Prehung doors: Doors that come assembled with jambs, casing, and hardware. Sill: The bottom of a window frame. Sash: The movable portion of the window, including both glass and its frame. Masonry veneer: A single layer of masonry used to cover the wall framing. Stucco: An exterior building covering made from Portland cement, lime, and sand. Exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS): A synthetic building covering that is made of foam plastic insulation and thin synthetic coating. Siding: The outer covering of a building that protects it from weather.

Installing Horizontal Wood Siding Horizontal wood siding is manufactured in standard sizes. Each course is lapped over the course immediately below it to allow water to run off the siding (fig 22-17, page 382). A storey pole is a narrow board used to lay out and transfer dimensions (fig 22-16, page 382).

Summary Builders enclose structures as soon as possible to prevent damage to wood pieces and so interior work can continue despite inclement weather. After roof framing is completed, roofing is installed. Built-up roofing: is a roofing method that consists of alternating layers of roofing felt (sheet of plant fiber) and bitumen (asphalt or tar). The top layer is often coated with aggregate (gravel). Sheet metal roofing: Fire resistant roofing material made from copper, lead, aluminum, and enameled steel. Shingles: Flat or curved pieces of material laid in overlapping rows on a roof deck to cover the roof. Most building codes require that 15 pound roofing felt be applied as underlayment for asphalt shingles. The felt protects the roof sheathing until the asphalt shingles are installed. Drip edge: is a metal edge installed along the edge of roof decks to prevent water from dripping on the finished roof trim. Flashing: A metal barrier installed at roof joints and angles to provide waterproofing and reinforcement. Ridge cap: A finishing layer of shingles placed over the joint at the ridge of a roof. Cornice: The overhang of a roof at its horizontal edge. The soffit is the horizontal panel that encloses the underside of the cornice. Walls protect building interiors from weather. Masonry walls: are made of brick, concrete block, tile, or stone set in mortar. House wrap: A synthetic covering applied over wall sheathing to create an air and moisture barrier between the inside and outside of a building. Stucco: An exterior building covering made from Portland cement, lime, and sand.

Home Work 1. Why do builders enclose structures as soon as possible? 2. What is flashing and why is it installed?