1. Chapter 13
Exterior Wall Finish

2. Cornice Definition: the overhang of a roof at the eave.
Includes the fascia board, a soffit, and any moldings.
Provides a finished connection between wall and roof.
Put figure 13-1 in

3. Rake Definition: Part of a roof that overhangs a gable.
Projecting roof boards support trim for boxed rake section.
Roof framing is extended when the rake projects a considerable distance.
Figure 13-4

4. Framing a Cornice Install ledger strip along wall
Mark points with level that match up with bottem edges of rafters
Nail on the ledger strip
Cut the lookouts
Toenail one end of the lookout to the ledger and nail the other end to the overhang of the rafter
Apply the soffit

5. Prefabricated Cornice Materials
Various systems available
Ex. 3/8” laminated wood-fiber panels
Fasten with 4d rust-resistant nails spaced about 6” along edges and intermediate supports
Nail main supports first and then along edges
Always leave space for expansion
Fig. 13-9

6. Metal Soffit Material Provided in rolls and sheets in several widths
Aluminum systems are suggested
Widths vary from 12 – 48”
Edges are held in runner guides that are attached to fascia and walls
Consists of 3 basic units:
Wall hanger strips (frieze strips)
Soffit panels
Fascia covers

7. Hanging Metal Soffit
Snap a chalk line along the side wall, level with the bottom edge of the fascia board
Attach metal U-shaped wall hanger strip along line
Attach hanger strip flush with the bottom fascia or nail the metal soffit panels to the bottom of the fascia board as panels are installed
Insert the panels
Cut metal or vinyl fascia cover to fit and install it

8. Soffit (Cont.)
If there is a way, put and in above boxes

9. Horizontal wood siding
One of the most common materials
Usually applied over a base of sheathing and a house wrap
Bevel siding is most common
Available in various widths
Made by sawing plain surface boards at an angle
Fig

10. Wood Siding (Cont.) Channel Rustic siding has shiplap type joints
Drop siding
usually has tongue-and-groove joints
heavier, has more structural strength

12. Wall Sheathing and Flashing
Siding can be applied over various sheathing materials.
Solid wood, plywood, or nail-base fiberboard is nailed directly to the material at about 24” intervals.
Gypsum board and regular fiberboard sheathing cannot be used as a nail base and the siding should be nailed through the sheathing and into the frame.

13. Sheathing Substitutes
An insulation board of rigid polystyrene (13-17) can take the place of sheathing and sheathing paper
Metal flashings must be applied
(13-18)
First picture = 13-17, second picture = 13-18

14. Installing Horizontal Siding (Preparing a Story Pole)
Lay out the distance from soffit to 1” below top of foundation.
Divide distance into spaces equal to the width of the siding minus the lap.
Adjust the lap allowance so spaces are equal.
Mark position of top of each siding board on the story pole when layout is complete.
Figure 13-19

15. Installing Horizontal Siding (Continued)
Start application of bevel siding by first nailing a strip along the foundation line equal to the thin edge of the siding.
Apply the first piece.
Allow the butt edge to extend below the strip to form a drip edge.
Inside corners can be formed with a square length of wood or metal corners. Outer corners are usually made of metal. Install.
After the corner boards are in place, fit the siding tightly against them.
Wood siding can be given a coat of water-repellent preservative before it is installed, or it can be brushed on after installation

16. Nailing To fasten siding, noncorrosive nails are recommended.
Horizontal siding should be face-nailed to each stud.
For narrow siding, the nail is generally placed about ½” above the butt edge.
Different types of wood siding require different nailing patterns. (Fig )
Figure 13-26

17. Estimating Siding
Increase the footage to make up for the difference between nominal and finished sizes.
The net square footage of the wall surface to be covered should be multiplied by the factor in the chart to your left.
Figure 13-28

18. Vertical Siding
Commonly used to set off entrances or gable ends. Also for main wall areas.
May be plain-surfaced matched boards, pattern matched boards, or square-edge boards covered at the joint with a batten strip.
Made from solid lumber, should be no more than 8” wide.

19. Wood Shingles
Sometimes used for wall covering, and a large selection of types is available.
Very durable and can be applied in various ways to provide a variety of architectural effects.
Most shingles are made in random widths
Shingles in side walls are frequently laid in double coursing
Double coursing- when you use a lower grade shingle under the shingle exposed to the weather. The exposed single butt extends about ½” below the butt of the under course.

20. Single Coursing of Side Walls
Similar to roof application—difference is in the exposures employed.
Present less weather-resistance problems than roofs.
Weather exposure of shingles should never be greater than half the length of the shingle, minus ½”.
Should have concealed nailing.
Fig

21. Shingle and Shake Panels
Shingles and shakes for side wall application are available in panel form.
Usually western red cedar.
Standard size = 8’
Applied by following the same basic precaution and procedures described for regular shingles. However, takes less time.
Fig 13-37

22. Plywood Siding Uses Must be made from exterior type plywood.
Provides a vertical treatment to gable ends.
Provides emphasis as fill-in panels above and below windows.
Establish a continuous decorative band at various levels along an entire wall.
Must be made from exterior type plywood.
Most common- Douglas fir
Panel sizes are 48” wide by 8’,9’,10’ long
Because large sheets of plywood and hardboard siding provide tight, draft-free wall construction, it is important to have an effective vapor barrier. This should be between the insulation and the warm surface of the wall.

23. Joint details for plywood siding:
Fig

24. Aluminum Siding
Factory finished with baked on enamel and provides appearance that resembles wood siding
Offers low maintenance costs
For use on new or existing construction
Can be applied over structurally sound surfaces

25. Vinyl Siding
Definition: a rigid polyvinyl chloride compound that is tough and durable
Installed with a backing or insulation board
Panels have interlocking joints that are waterproof
No movement during expansion or contraction
Fig

26. Installing Vinyl Siding and Soffits (Preparing the old siding)
Nail loose boards & trim-replace rotted boards
Remove old caulk from windows and doors
Remove downspouts, lighting fixtures and moldings that interfere with new siding
Tie back shrubs and trees that can be damaged

27. Installing Vinyl Siding and Soffits (Continued)
Allow a ¼” expansion gap where siding meets accessories when cutting
Do not drive nails tight against the siding, leave a gap of about 1/8”
See fig for Installing Starter Strips and Trim
Fig

28. Installing Siding Panels
The first siding panel snaps into the bottom of the starter strip.
Work toward the front of the building, finishing each side before starting the next
Always cover largest areas first; smaller panels can be used up on the smaller surfaces, such as dormers
Overlap each panel 1”, face butt edge away from the main traffic areas.
Fig

29. Stucco
Base consists of wood sheathing, sheathing paper, and metal lath
Apply second coat when first is dry to give a smoother “pebbled” finish
Typically, the finished stucco wall is 7/8” thick
Fig bottom

30. Exterior Insulation Finish Systems
Definition: also called “synthetic stucco” and are similar in appearance to stucco.
Available either as polymer-based (soft-coat systems, typically 1/8” thin) or polymer-modified (hard-coat systems, about ¼” and are mechanically attached.)
Installation:
Can be installed over wood, concrete, concrete block, and other substrates.
Base coat should be at least 3/16” thick, apply two layers
Mesh is installed with laps offset from edges of openings, joint, grooves, and corners.
If base coat is required before applying the finish coat, it should e applied in 2 thin layers (1/16” each)

31. Brick or Stone Veneer
Veneer Wall- masonry wall, a wall framed in wood or metal to which stone, brick, or even concrete bock—are attached rather than siding
Fig , left

32. Tools Trowel is the most used tool in the mason’s tool kit.
Toe (or point) – pointed end of the trowel
Heel – the wide end of the trowel
Mason’s level is also an important tool.
Has both vertical and horizontal vials, read from either side.
Aluminum or wood with metal edges.
Two rules, 6’ folding with a 6” sliding scale the other a 10’ steel tape
Jointers or jointing tools are used to compress
A brick hammer is used to drive nails, strike chisels, and break or chip masonry units

33. Masonry Materials
Bricks are structural units made to several sizes from clay or shale.
Material mixed with water then dried in large kilns
Building or Common Brick
A strong general purpose brick intended for use where strength is more important than appearance
Three grades:
SW grade resists freezing
MW grade is used where there may be exposure to below freezing temp. but in dry locations
NW grade is used to back up interior masonry

34. Masonry Materials (Continued)
Facing – used where appearance is important Three types:
FBX is for general use in exposed interior or exterior walls or partitions. Color and size are uniform
FBS is for general use in exposed exterior and interior walls and partitions where wider color variations and sizes are permitted
FBA is used to produce architectural effects produced by lack of uniformity in size, color, and texture
Mortar is mostly portland cement with the addition of hydrated lime and sand.
Designed to bond bricks and block into a strong, waterproof wall.

35. Blinds and Shutters Installed at sides of window units
Consist of frame assemblies with solid panes or louvers
Used to protect the glass, provide security when locked. Serves decorative purpose now
Attached to exterior wall with screws or other fasteners
Fig