I’ve found my notes and quotes… now what? After you gather all of your note cards, you are ready to write your paper. Each paper should contain the following main parts: Introduction Body Paragraphs (examples) Political, intellectual, & economic influences Rise, reign, and fall Conclusion

The Process of Incorporating Where does the information go? Determine where in your paper the source material can be used to support your own ideas How do I start? Start paragraph with topic sentence Use a lead-in to introduce the source material by identifying the source before the quotation or paraphrase. Quote/paraphrase/summarize from note card End with a citation Continue paragraph with more ideas, discussion

THE NOTE SANDWICH Use LEAD-IN (introduce note from source) Present quote or paraphrase or summary with CITATION Explain note, relate to topic sentence

Plagiarism All information from sources (whether quoted or paraphrased or summarized) must be properly presented with a lead-in and a citation. Failure to do so is plagiarism and will result in a zero on the final copy. Papers receiving a zero must be revised for the student to get a reduced grade on the assignment.

Sample Lead-ins Book with one author According to Samuel Morison in his book The Oxford History of the American People, “This [Mayflower] compact... is an almost startling revelation of the capacity of Englishmen in that era for self-government” (55). The Oxford History of the American People points out that the Mayflower Compact is evidence of the desire many British colonists had in shaping local laws for their own communities (Morison 55).

Sample Lead-ins An encyclopedia article with author In her article “Mayflower Compact,” Gunderson maintains that “Mayflower Compact was the first agreement for self-government ever put in force in America” (327). The article “Mayflower Compact” mentions that the American tradition of a political contract among a group of people giving them control over their local affairs began with the Mayflower Compact (Gunderson 327).

Sample Lead-ins Book without author According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, “The document was not a constitution but rather an adaptation of the usual church covenant to a civil situation” (“Mayflower Compact” 974). According to the article “Mayflower Compact,” the agreement was not an official political statement, but it was an application of a common practice in religious institutions of the time in which church members agreed to obey guidelines set up by the local group (Britannica 974).

Sample Lead-ins Internet source with author Chris Raible comments on the significance of this event: “The signing of the Mayflower Compact in 1620 has often been cited as an early example—perhaps the only historically valid example—of a ‘social contract’ ” (“Mayflower Compact and Family Compact”). The article “Mayflower Compact and Family Compact” comments that the Plymouth colonists established one of the first instances of the “social contract” in history by writing and signing the agreement aboard the Mayflower in 1620 (Raible).

Sample Lead-ins Internet source without author “Mayflower Compact—the Common Anchor” explains the reason why the document is significant: “John Adams and many historians have referred to the Mayflower Compact as the foundation of the U.S. Constitution written more than 150 years later” (All About History). The website All About History explains that in the opinion of many specialists in American history, the Mayflower Compact written in 1620 influenced the writing of the Constitution more than a century and a half later (“Mayflower Compact—the Common Anchor”). Use partial or whole title in citation.

Ways to vary wording of lead-ins Work in phrases: according to__________, in the book ___________, Use action verbs: says writes points out comments elaborates illustrates clarifies reveals shows describes defines brings out makes plain tells notes remarks states reports

YOUR TURN Choose one of the following Disney quotes. Write a clear topic sentence; then introduce, present, and explain the quote in a short paragraph about the valuable lessons learned through Disney books and movies. "The very things that hold you down are going to lift you up.” - Timothy Mouse from Dumbo (page 11) "The flower that blooms in adversity is the most rare and beautiful of all." - The Emperor from Mulan (page 12) "Even miracles take a little time." - the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella (page 13) “Ohana means family. Family means nobody gets left behind. Or forgotten.” –Nani in Lilo and Stitch (page 14) “I can’t stop Andy from growing up. But I wouldn’t miss it for the world.”- Woody in Toy Story (page 15) “The past can hurt. You can either run from it or learn from it.” – Rafiki in The Lion King (page 16)

Introductions Shorter than body paragraphs Consists of an attention getter, linking sentence, and thesis statement Placed just before first body paragraph Put thesis statement last in introduction

Keystoning Introductions Shaped like an inverted trapezoid Start with some general ideas Narrow down to more specific ideas Then present your thesis

Techniques for Attention-Getters Make a dramatic or surprising statement Ask a rhetorical question Tell brief anecdote (personal experience) Give an intriguing definition Use a figure of speech (simile or metaphor) Begin with a startling quotation or statistic Refer to a current event, situation, or controversy