Chapter 19: Growth in the West Section 3: Native Americans fight to survive 1-3 B

B

B

The Buffalo: A “4 legged shopping center”

Uses for the buffalo 4 Hide: clothing, tepees, carrying bags, shields Horns: spoons and other tools Belly: pails and bowls Tail and hooves: decoration Blood: food Brains and liver: eaten raw right after the kill Meat: dried for food B

B

B

B

When discussing Native Americans and the West: Reservation Cholera Epidemic Cavalry Massacre … are used all the time Without knowing all of them: does this sound positive or negative for the Indians? B

Indians first moved: 5 B West of the Appalachians West of the Mississippi River Up to the Rockies And…. Squeezed onto smaller and smaller pieces of land These Indian territories were seen as buffers or barriers between Indians and Whites (See next slides) 5 B

                                                                                               B

B

B

B

What led the Plains Indians to death and/or reservations? B

One of the worst ways white men affected Native Americans is by killing most of their buffalo 1913-1938 B

Why get rid of all the buffalo? Whites used them for food for those people building the railroads. They would sometimes just shoot the for the fun of it (as a sport). Or, they would shoot them so they wouldn’t get in the way of the trains that were starting to pass through the West 6 B

“Custer’s Last Stand” “The Battle of Little Bighorn”

B

B

B

There ended up being more raids and attacks One way to look for peace was to promise Native Americans some land on what we’d now call reservations (land set aside for Native Americans) B

One place given to these Native Americans was in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Until… the U.S. government found out there was gold there, and they wanted it back. B

Two other famous battles: The Sand Creek Massacre Wounded Knee B

B

“Wounded Knee” On that day, in an atmosphere of mutual distrust it took only the firing of one gun to begin the brutal killing of most of the 350 Indian men, women and children. Twenty-five of the 492 soldiers and scouts were also killed. It has been called both a battle and a massacre, but what Wounded Knee has come to symbolize is a clash of cultures and a failed government-Indian policy; its effects still felt even today. B

There were still about 50 times more whites than Indians (And those odds were growing) B

Chief Joseph, Sitting Bull, Geronimo, Red Cloud

The Dawes Act was passed by Congress – to move Indians to reservations It was intended to help out Native Americans… …by teaching them to live more of a lifestyle like white farmers did, but you can imagine how well that worked 7 B

Chiksika (a Shawnee): 8-9 on your own B “When a white army battles Indians and wins, it is called a great victory, but if they lose it is called a massacre.” 8-9 on your own B