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Feudalism and the Manor System

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Medieval Europe (500 – 1500) The Early Middle Ages

The Middle Ages or Medieval Europe is the 1,000 year period after the fall of Rome and before the Renaissance.

I. Geography:

Natural Resources: Dense forests Fertile soil Rich minerals Seas

II. Causes

Advances made by Greece & Rome forgotten Tribal Warfare No central gov’t Weak local gov’ts Dark Ages in W. Europe Fall of Rome Cities disappeared Money is no longer used Trade collapsed Advances made by Greece & Rome forgotten Literacy declined

III. Germanic Tribes A. Farmers and herders 1. No written laws 2. Divided W. Europe into small kingdoms

B. The Franks

1. The most powerful Germanic tribe in Gaul, or present-day France.

3. The Battle of Tours - In 732 CE, the Franks defeated the Muslims in Spain.

This stopped Muslims from advancing into W. Europe. DON’T WRITE THIS Christians did not want Islam to spread into Europe, even though they learned science and math from Arab Muslims.

C. Charlemagne (Charles the Great) 1. In 800 CE, he became king of the Franks 2. Pope Leo III named him emperor

3. His empire united Europe.

4. Legacy He spread Christianity He blended Christian, Roman and German traditions He formed an efficient gov’t

Charlemagne tried to revive learning He set up schools to educate officials and children. Edumacation!

Don’t write this! Curriculums, or formal courses of study, included reading, grammar, math, music, and astronomy.

D. New Attacks 1. After Charlemagne’s death in 814 CE, Muslims, Magyars and Vikings attacked.

Don’t write this! When Charlemagne died in 814, his empire fell apart as his heirs fought over it. Peace Out, Charlemagne!

2. 843 CE- The Treaty of Verdun divided the empire into three kingdoms.

3. This became the Holy Roman Empire.

Life in Medieval Europe (500 – 1500 CE)

I. Political A. Feudalism- A political system which exchanges land for military service. King gives lord (vassal) a fief (land). In exchange, the lord (vassal) gives the king his loyalty and protection when needed. Lords gradually became more powerful than kings as they acquired more land.

Feudalism King or lord Vassal or lord Required to give: -Fief (land) -loyalty -military service

B. Social Kings and Lords were at the top of the social hierarchy.

Knights- mounted warriors Chivalry- code of conduct for knights be brave, loyal, polite

Feudal lords battled constantly for power and land By the 1100’s, fighting declined so lords held tournaments (fake battles) to entertain people.

Serfs- peasants who worked the lord’s land They could not leave without permission They paid the lord rent in food and labor (no $$) for use of the land and protection.

DON’T WRITE THIS! Role of Women Noblewomen managed the household and were in change when men were away. Rights: Received a limited inheritance Arranged marriages, expected to have many kids Few knew how to read and write Chivalry raised women to a new status. They were protected and cherished.

C. Economic Manorialism- an economy where land, not money, is the basis of wealth

Manor- the lord’s estate including the town, peasant houses, church, and fields - It was self-sufficient, which led to a decline in trade

Three-field system- two fields planted, one left fallow (empty) to regain fertility

Remember Europe was isolated BUT, there were advanced civilizations in the Middle East, South Asia, and China!

Homework Read pp. 398 – 403