Colonialism- India and South Africa Sarah Hunt RMS IB Middle School

Agenda: February 6 th, 2012 OBJ: To demonstrate knowledge acquired regarding colonialism and independence in India and South Africa by creating a 3 panel cartoon. 1. Warm Up- Journey to Jo’burg 2. Notes- Colonialism in India and South Africa 3. India/ South Africa Cartoon HW: Review your notes for 15 minutes

Journey to Jo’burg Read pages 1-15 in your novel silently to yourself. You will receive 15 minutes to complete the reading and questions. (If you do not finish you will have time to make up the work next class.) Once you have completed the reading, answer the following questions on your journal she et. – Compare and contrast your life with Naledi’s life? (4 sentences) – Why would the farmer want to shoot Naledi and Tiro for taking oranges? – Why does the young boy from orange grove help Naledi and Tiro?

Invasion of Europe 17 th Century- Mughals in many wars = weakened the Empire Europeans created trading posts along the Indian Ocean coastline British took over Indian territory

British Rule 1858 Britain established Direct Rule over India – Indian Princes could still govern as long as they swore allegiance to Great Britain – Puppet Government Created harsh taxes Laws against Indian rights Britain used the resources of Indian to enrich the British Empire – Indian people soon resented the British government

Steps towards Independence Indian National Congress – Goal- Equal status for Indians Soon began working towards independence

The Muslim League Believed in a free India Feared because of their non-Hindu beliefs they would not receive fair treatment once independence was achieved Goal- free India should be split into 2 countries – 1 Hindu based – 1 Muslim based

Gandhi- The Father of Modern India Born in India, 1869 – Family was Jainist (Belief of non-violence) Studied law in England Practiced Hinduism but influenced by Christianity and Islam through studies Convinced the Natl. Congress to use only a non-violent method for independence – Hold marches, boycott British products and taxes *Assassinated in 1948

Independence Achieved in 1947 Separated into 2 nations (Partition) – India- Hindu centered – Pakistan- Muslim centered Separated again into Pakistan and Bangladesh People still migrated where they wish causing old rivalries to start up – About 1 million people were killed bc of old issues Conflict between India and Pakistan still occurs today but is not violent

South Africa First Europeans- Dutch East India Company First descendants of Dutch Invaders who farmed- Boers (Europeans) Afrikaners- European descendants who spoke native language 1820 British takes control of Cape Colony Boer War British vs. Boers for control 1910 South Africa becomes officially a member of the British Empire

Apartheid Afrikaners and English- speaking European descendants controlled South Africa Apartheid- strict set of segregation laws separating races. – Different schools and neighborhoods for each race – “White” social class made up only 20% but controlled the government

Effects of Apartheid Sanctions (economic rules) on South Africa because of apartheid South Africa banned from the Olympics for over 30 years African National Congress- against apartheid – Hosted boycotts – Strikes – Marches Over 70 years of apartheid during South Africa’s history – Apartheid ended in 1991

Independence 1948 Afrikaners vs. British election – Afrikaners won control of South Africa, allowing for independent rule First free multiracial election held Nelson Mandela- first native president of South Africa – 30 years in prison for apartheid resistance – Noble Peace Prize winner

Colonialism Cartoons Each partner group will have 1 piece of copy paper. Fold your paper hotdog style and cut down the fold. (One half to each partner) Fold the paper into 3 boxes. Through your panels tell a story about the struggle for independence in India or South Africa. (Your partner and you may not choose the same country.) Each pane must have caption boxes with character speech and clearly outline an event in history. Your cartoon must be colored and neat!