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Decolonization.

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Presentation on theme: "Decolonization."— Presentation transcript:

1 Decolonization

2 Decolonization How might we compare/contrast the movements for freedom in India and South Africa? How might we compare/contrast Gandhi and Mandela? And with other advocates for freedom?

3 Decolonization European Imperialism First wave: 15th to 17th centuries
Second wave (ca ) New players Facilitated by Industrial Revolution Focus: Asia, Africa European expansion in the Americas

4 Decolonization

5 Decolonization

6 Indian Independence India before the Raj Long history
Considerable diversity Caste system Mughal Empire

7 Indian Independence The British Raj
Presence began with British East India Company Great Mutiny of 1857  direct British rule Promoted industrialization  economic profit Coronation of George V and Mary, Delhi Durbar (1911)

8 Indian Independence Indian Nationalism
Foreign presence  Indian self-awareness Indian National Congress (INC) established 1885 Growing discontent after WWI  alliance between Hindus, Muslim League

9 Indian Independence Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) Hindu lawyer
United all Indians in Congress movement Strategy: collective, nonviolent resistance Led “peace soldiers”

10 Indian Independence

11 Indian Independence

12 Indian Independence Independence Granted 1947  India, Pakistan
Civil war! Gandhi assassinated (1948) Hostilities remain today

13 Indian Independence Questions?

14 African Independence European Objectives in Africa (1880-1914)
Raw materials, cheap labor International rivalry, nationalism “The white man’s burden” “The Rubber Coils” (1906)

15 African Independence Decolonization (1950s to 1970s)
Growing nationalism, distaste for imperialism “Africa for Africans” Paths to independence Orderly, little violence Delayed and violent, due to settler populations

16 South Africa South Africa AFRIKANERS Granted independence 1910
Industry, mines Population Black Africans Afrikaners British

17 South Africa Apartheid
Official system of social engineering intended to keep races separated Society BANTUSTANS “Pass laws” Best jobs reserved for whites Government under white control

18 South Africa African Resistance
Protests, rise of African National Congress (ANC) Government response MASSACRE IN SHARPEVILLE (March 21, 1960) Banned ANC Underground movement turned to violence Massacre in Sharpeville

19 South Africa Nelson Mandela (1918-2013) Attorney, ANC member
Believed in nonracial social democracy Tried for “crimes” against state ( ) Sentenced to life imprisonment

20 South Africa The End of Apartheid SA faced internal, external pressure
Mandela released 1990 Negotiations between De Klerk and Mandela  end of apartheid Mandela elected president ( )

21 South Africa

22 South Africa

23 South Africa Questions?

24 Decolonization How might we compare/contrast the movements for freedom in India and South Africa? How might we compare/contrast Gandhi and Mandela? And with other advocates for freedom?

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