1. Independence- India and South Africa Ms. Hunt Unit 6 RMS 2012-2013

2. British Rule 1858 Britain established Direct Rule over India – Indian Princes could still govern as long as they swore allegiance to Great Britain – Puppet Government Created harsh taxes Laws against Indian rights Britain used the resources of Indian to enrich the British Empire – Indian people soon resented the British government

4. Steps towards Independence Indian National Congress- 1885 – Goal- Equal status for Indians Soon began working towards independence

5. The Muslim League Believed in a free India Feared that because of their non-Hindu beliefs they would not receive fair treatment once independence was achieved Goal- free India should be split into 2 countries – 1 Hindu based – 1 Muslim based

6. Gandhi- The Father of Modern India Born in India, 1869 – Family was Jainist (Belief of non-violence) Studied law in England Practiced Hinduism but influenced by Christianity and Islam through studies 1915- Convinced the Natl. Congress to use only a non-violent method for independence – Hold marches, boycott British products and taxes *Assassinated in 1948

7. Independence Achieved in 1947 Separated into 2 nations (Partition) – India- Hindu centered – Pakistan- Muslim centered Separated again into Pakistan and Bangladesh People still migrated where they wish causing old rivalries to start up – About 1 million people were killed because of old issues Conflict between India and Pakistan still occurs today but is not violent

9. South Africa First Europeans- Dutch East India Company- 1652 First descendants of Dutch Invaders who farmed- Boers (Europeans) Afrikaners- European descendants who spoke native language 1820 British takes control of Cape Colony Boer War 1902- British vs. Boers for control 1910 South Africa becomes officially a member of the British Empire

12. Apartheid Afrikaners and English- European descendants controlled South Africa Apartheid- strict set of segregation laws separating races. – Different schools and neighborhoods for each race – “White” social class made up only 20% but controlled the government

13. Effects of Apartheid Sanctions (economic rules) on South Africa because of apartheid South Africa banned from the Olympics for over 30 years African National Congress- against apartheid – Hosted boycotts – Strikes – Marches Over 70 years of apartheid during South Africa’s history – Apartheid ended in 1991

14. Independence 1948 Afrikaners vs. British election – Afrikaners won control of South Africa, allowing for independent rule 1994- First free multiracial election held Nelson Mandela- first native president of South Africa – 30 years in prison for apartheid resistance – Noble Peace Prize winner

16. Independence Cartoons Each partner group will have 1 piece of copy paper. Fold your paper hotdog style and cut down the fold. (One half to each partner) Fold the paper into 3 boxes. Through your panels tell a story about the struggle for independence in India or South Africa. (Your partner and you may not choose the same country.) Each pane must have caption boxes with character speech and clearly outline an event in history. Your cartoon must be colored and neat! Glue your work into your Interactive Notebook when you are done then… read Red Scarf Girl!