WORLD POPULATION THE FIRST OF THE NOT-SO-BORING STUFF WE WILL LEARN (CHAPTER 4)

THE RUNDOWN: There are about 7 billion people on the Earth right now. More babies make more babies, who make more babies, who make more babies. What is going to happen eventually?

NATURAL INCREASE (NATURAL GROWTH) Birthrate - Death rate = Natural Growth Burgsville 850 ( births per 1000 Burgses per year ) – 25 ( deaths per 1000 Burgses per year ) = 825 Per 1000 Burgses per year If Bursgville has a population of 10,000, what will be the population of Burgsville be next year? 825 x10 = 8,250 So, my population will be 18,250 next year

THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3Stage 4

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION The pattern of human settlement

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION: USA

POPULATION DENSITY The number of people living on a square mile (How crowded places are) Population divided by land area Population/land area

MOVEMENT There Is migration, but there is also urbanization. About half of the world lives in cities. Movement leads to the spread of ideas, and cultures. Movement leads to globalization.

CULTURE “the way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs” Culture is everything. Culture is everywhere. What are some examples of culture? Food Language Religion Government/Economy Social Groups

LANGUAGE Sharing ideas through language There are many differences within a single language too We also communicate with our bodies, and this varies throughout the world

RELIGION Religion influences aspects of daily life (moral values) In many cultures, religion enables people to find a sense of identity

SOCIAL GROUPS In all cultures, the family is the most important group Social classes are also social groups (rich, poor, etc.) The group influences the individual Ethnic group: people who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements

GOVERNMENT/ECONOMY The way we spend money tells a lot about ourselves Think about the Cold War: Capitalism is extremely different to Communism, and they both encompass daily life of a people We vote for our officials. Our officials reflect our needs/desires. What about in North Korea?

CULTURE REGIONS The world can be divided into culture regions: countries that have certain traits in common Cultural Diffusion: the process of spreading new knowledge from one culture to another

THE FIVE CULTURE HEARTHS The world’s first five civilizations were: 1.Egypt (Nile Valley) 2.Iraq (Mesopotamia) 3.Pakistan (Indus Valley) 4.China (Huang He Valley) 5.Mexico (Middle America) They set the stage for all modern civilization today

THREE REVOLUTIONS THAT LEAD TO GLOBALIZATION The Agricultural Revolution (Farms) The Industrial Revolution (Factories, engines, cars) The Information Revolution (Phones, computers, internet) Now I can talk to my sister in London as if she were in Florida. Distance hardly matters anymore. Our cultures are diffusing. What will we look like in 100 years?

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS Every country and society on Earth has some sort of political and economic systems? What is the difference between an economic system and a political system? Political System: answers the question “how is a country governed?”, and “who rules a country and how is it ruled?” Economic System: answers the question “how is money circulated?”, and “how do we spend our money?”

POLITICAL SYSTEMS: LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT There are two levels of government: Unitary System: gives all key powers to the national or central government Federal System: divides the powers of government between the national government and state governments

POLITICAL SYSTEMS: TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS There are many types of governments, but you have to know 3: Autocracy: Power of rule belongs to a single individual (North Korea ) Oligarchy: Power of rule belongs to a small group (China) Democracy: Citizens vote for their leaders (USA)

POLITICAL SYSTEMS: TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS A lot of people have a say in the government A few people have a say in the government Autocracy Oligarchy Democracy

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: TRADITIONAL ECONOMY In a Traditional Economy, habit and custom determine the rules for all economic activity. Example: Back in the day, it was tradition that Inuit hunters would share the food from the hunt to other families in the village. Traditional economies hardly exist today

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: MARKET ECONOMY AND MIXED ECONOMY In a Market Economy, individuals and private groups make decisions about what to produce. Example: Capitalism in the United States In a Mixed Economy, the government supports and regulates free enterprise that affects the market place. Example: Capitalism in the United States for real (actually)

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: COMMAND ECONOMY In a command economy, the government owns or directs the means of production. Communism is intense. There is one political party that controls the government and the country. Socialism is a much more mild form of communism. Socialism has three goals: 1.Reasonable distribution of wealth opportunity 2.Society’s control, through its government, about public goals 3.Public ownership of essential services and factories Communist Cuba Countries like Norway, Sweden, and Finland are Socialist

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: MARKET, MIXED, AND COMMAND The people decide what to produce/ how much $ to make The government decides what to produce/ how much $ to make MarketMixed Socialism Communism

RESOURCES, TRADE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT Natural Resources: Elements from the Earth that are not made by people, but can be used for food and materials

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES There are 4 Economic Activities: 1.Primary 2.Secondary 3.Tertiary 4.Quaternary

PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES primary The most basic, or primary, economic activities in all societies involve the production of foods and the extraction of resources. What are some examples of economic activities that would be considered primary? Do you think a country would be considered more or less developed if it had a HIGH level of primary economic activities? Explain your answer.

SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES The manufacture and production of goods (like making textiles and furniture) is considered the secondary level of economic activity. Secondary economic activities add value to raw materials by processing them or by changing their form. Examples of secondary economic activities would be a log being cut into wooden planks and then made into furniture or iron ore changed into steel and then made into rail road tracks. What is another example of a secondary economic activity?

Tertiary economic activities deal with services. Services include occupations such as a teacher, nurse, doctor, accountant, retailer, truck driver or musician. In the US, more than 80% of the labor force are tertiary workers. They perform some form of service rather than producing a good. Is it important that a country has an equal percentage of people participating in each level of economic activity? Why or why not?

Quaternary activities consist of those involving information processing and management. Occupations in this category would include computer programmers or the general manager of a company. What countries do you think would have a high level of people employed at the quaternary economic level? What are some countries that would have low percentages of people employed at the quaternary level?

LET’S SEE WHAT YOU KNOW….

Use your fingers to show whether the image is primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary. PrimarySecondaryTertiaryQuaternary

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES VS. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPING Subsistence farming and famine DEVELOPED Technology and manufacturing

WORLD TRADE We trade with the rest of the world. Ever had non-American cheese? Or anything else? Barriers to Trade: Some government add a tax (a tariff) to the price of imported goods. Some governments set a quota. These are barriers to trade Free Trade: Governments around the world move towards free trade so that can flow freely among countries