Fungi and Plantae Diff. Biology April 14, 2005

A little fun for the day… Mushroom walks into a bar and asks for a drink. Bartender says, “Sorry, we don’t serve your kind.” Mushrooms replies, “What’s the matter I’m Fungi!?” (This is when you laugh)

Fungi Cell wall contains chitin, not cellulose. Made up of filaments called Hyphae. Eukaryotic, multicellular. Non-motile, produce spores asexually or sexually that are dispersed by the wind. Most are parasitic in relationship to other organisms.

4 Divisions of Fungi Zygomycota: *Live in the soil and on baked goods. *Sexual reproduction produces a zygospore, cell protected by a thick wall.

4 Divisions of Fungi Ascomycota: *Sac Fungi *Parasitic to plants *An ascus is a fingerlike sac that is formed during sexual reproduction, hence the name. They produce ascospores. *Conidiospores are created asexually.

4 Divisions of Fungi Basidiomycota: *Club Fungi *Usually reproduce sexually *Basidium are the club like structures, that contain the nuclei that fuse to create a zygote. (Pg. 594)

4 Divisions of Fungi Deuteromycota: *Imperfect Fungi; because no sexual stage has been identified. *Always reproduce asexually by means of conidiospores *Can cause diseases in humans. - athlete’s foot, ringworm, and thrush. *Can be good too, such as Penicillium for the antibiotic, penicillin.

How you Lichen this so far? Lichen – symbiotic relationship to cyanobacteria and green algal cells. They live in extreme areas. Mycorrhizae – symbiotic relationship between soil fungi and most plant roots. The fungus provide the plants with inorganic materials (i.e. phosphate), and the roots provide organic nutrients for the fungus.

Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic, Multicellular Contain cellulose in their cell walls and form a cell plate when division occurs. Utilize chlorophylls a and b, along with carotenoid pigments. Primary food reserve is starch, which is stored in the chloroplasts.

Kingdom Plantae Well developed tissues Respond to stimuli Light Gravity Water Autotrophic Alternation of Generation life style.

4 Groups of Plants Nonvascular Plants Lack vascular tissues (i.e. liverworts, hornworts, and mosses) Do not have true leaves, roots, or stems. Rhizoids anchor them to the surface. Small and low-lying plants. Fertilization requires an outside source of moisture, wind disperses the spores.

4 Groups of Plants Seedless Vascular Plants Vascular tissues of Xylem (for water and minerals) and Phloem (organic nutrients). Have true roots, stems, and leaves. Structure in leaf called stomata that regulates water loss. Found in moist, wet regions. Horsetails and Ferns are examples

4 Groups of Plants Seed Plants – Gymnosperms Four divisions: Cycads, ginko, conifers, and gnetophytes Most gymnosperms are conifers, that have needle-like leaves. Conifers are evergreen trees, meaning they lose their leaves year round, instead of for a period of the year. So they have leaves all year long. Study Pine life cycle. (pg. 609)

Pine Life Cycle

4 Groups of Plants Seed Plants – Angiosperms Flowering plants, seeds are covered by fruit. The largest group of plants. Have two divisions, monocots and dicots. Can cross-pollinate or self-pollinate. Flowers help with reproduction. Study flowing plant life cycle (pg. 613).

Flowering Plant Life Cycle

Pretty Flower…