1. Chapter 21 Biology – Miller • Levine
The Kingdom Fungi
Chapter 21
Biology – Miller • Levine

2. What are Fungi? Once were classified as nonphotosynthetic plants
Eukaryotes
Heterotrophs
Digest their food outside their body and then absorb the nutrients
Have a cell wall made of chitin

3. Structure & Function of Fungi
Except for yeasts, all fungi are multicellular
Most are made of tiny filaments called hyphae
Some have cross walls that divide the hyphae into cells

4. Structure & Function of Fungi
Mycelium – thick, tangled mass of hyphae
Provide large surface area
Fruiting body – reproductive structure

5. Reproduction in Fungi Most reproduce both asexually & sexually
Asexual reproduction
Cells or hyphae break off
Some produce spores
Sporangia – structures that produce spores
Sporangiophores – specialized hyphae that contain sporangia
Spores are spread by the wind & by animals

6. Reproduction in Fungi

7. Reproduction in Fungi Sexual Reproduction
Two mating types → “+” and “-”
When a + fuses with a -, it forms a gametangium which forms gametes
2 gametangium fuse & form a zygote

8. Phylum Zygomycota The Common Molds Ex. Bread mold
Rhizoids – rootlike hyphae that penetrate the surface
Anchor the fungus, release digestive enzymes, absorb the nutrients
Stolons – stemlike hyphae that run along the surface

9. Mold

10. Phylum Ascomycota The Sac Fungi Ex. Cup fungi, yeasts
Ascus – saclike reproductive structure that contains spores

11. Phylum Basidiomycota The Club Fungi Ex. Mushrooms
Basidium – club shaped reproductive structure that contains spores

12. Phylum Deuteromycota The Imperfect Fungi Ex. Penicillium
These fungi do not appear to have a sexual reproduction stage

13. Fungi as Decomposers Break down decaying matter and wastes
Saprobes – obtain food from decaying matter

14. Fungi as Parasites Cause serious plant and animal diseases
Ex. Corn smut, wheat rust, athlete’s foot

15. Symbiotic Relationships
Lichens – mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic organisms
Mycorrhizae – mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungi