Charlemagne Unites Germanic Tribes Chapter 13 Section 1

Key Terms Middle ages Franks Monastery Secular Carolingian Dynasty Charlemagne

Invasions of Western Europe 5th Century Germanic tribes overrun the Romans Disruption of trade Merchants face invasions, business collapses Downfall of cities Cities abandoned as centers of administration

Invasions of Western Europe Population shifts Nobles retreat to rural areas City dwellers flee to countryside Grew their own food Western Europe becomes rural

The Decline of Learning Germanic invaders could not read or write Learning declined as families moved to the country Priests and church officials were literate Few could read Greek works Germans no written language

Loss of Common Language Germanic speaking mixed with Romans Latin changed Different dialects developed with new words and phrases 800’s, French, Spanish, and other Roman based languages evolved from Latin

Germanic Kingdoms Emerge 400-600 small Germanic kingdoms emerge Concept of Government Changes Family ties personal loyalty replace citizenship in a public state Lived in small communities Unwritten rules

The Concept of Government Changes Germanic chief led warriors Peacetime followers lived in Chief’s hall Gave out food, weapons, treasure No obligation to obey a king Not obey officials sent by king to collect taxes

Clovis Rules the Franks Gaul- Germanic people called the Franks held power Clovis was their leader Brought Christianity Prayed for victory Clovis and 3,000 warriors baptized by a bishop

Clovis Rules the Franks Church in Rome welcomed the conversion Supported campaigns against Germanic people 511 unites the Franks into one kingdom Partnership between Franks and the Church

Germans Adopt Christianity 600’s many German people had converted Missionaries spread Christianity 300-400’s worked with Celts and Germans Fear of Muslim attack caused many to convert

Monasteries, Convents, Manuscripts Monasteries is a religious community Men called monks devote lives to God Women called nuns went to convents 520 Benedict Italian monk wrote strict rules

Monasteries, Convents, and Manuscripts Scholastica (Benedicts sister) headed a convent under the same rules Monasteries best educated communities 600-700’s Monks made beautiful copies of religious writings Preserved Rome’s heritage

Papal Power Expands Under Gregory 590 Gregory I Broadened papal authority More than spiritual Became secular or worldly power Involved with politics Pope’s palace center of Roman government

Papal Power Expands Under Gregory Used church revenues to raise armies, repair roads, help the poor Negotiate peace treaty with the Lombards Italy to England, Spain to Germany his responsibility Churchly kingdom ruled by a pope (Middle Ages)

An Empire Evolves England was 7 tiny kingdoms Some no larger than Connecticut Franks controlled the largest and strongest of Europe’s kingdoms 511 Clovis dies Rules most of France

Charles Martel Emerges 700 major domo or mayor of the palace most powerful person Charge of royal household and estates 719 Charles Martel 732 defeats Muslims in the Battle of Tours

Charles Martel Emerges Became a Christian hero Gave power to his son Pepin the Short Pepin worked with the Pope Pepin fought Lombard's at church request Carolingian Dynasty rules Franks 751-987

Charlemagne Becomes Emperor Ruled kingdom 6’4” tall Built empire greater than ancient Rome Fought Muslims in Spain Reunited western Europe Spread Christianity

Charlemagne Becomes Emperor 800 Charlemagne’s empire larger than Byzantine Empire 800 traveled to Rome and put down a mob Pope Leo II confers title of “Roman Emperor” Joining of Germanic power and the church

Charlemagne Leads Revival Limited power of nobles Sent out royal agents Made sure powerful landowners governed justly Visited parts of the kingdom Encouragement of learning Surrounded himself with scholars

Charlemagne’s Heirs Opened a palace school Ordered monasteries to train monks and future priests Louis the Pious emperor ineffective ruler Had three sons Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis the German 843 Treaty of Verdun