1. CHARLEMAGNE UNITES GERMANIC KINGDOMS

3. I. SETTING A. MIDDLE AGES – MEDIEVAL PERIOD 1. EUROPE 500-1500 A.D. 2. CULTURAL MIX a) CLASSICAL ROMAN (GRECO/ROMAN), b) CATHOLIC CHURCH c) GERMANIC TRIBES

4. II. INVASION OF WESTERN EUROPE A. INTRODUCTION 1. REPEATED INVASION a) ALTERED ECONOMY, GOVERNMENT & CULTURE

5. …MIDDLE AGES 2. DARK AGES – PERIOD OF CULTURAL DECLINE IN WESTERN EUROPE 3. ROMAN (SECULAR) AUTHORITY DECLINED WHILE CHURCH AUTHORITY GREW

6. B. EFFECTS OF INVASIONS 1. DISRUPTION OF TRADE a) BUSINESS COLLAPSED b) CITIES DESTROYED c) MONEY SCARCE

7. ...DISRUPTION 2. CITIES - ABANDONED 3. POPULATION SHIFT a) NOBLES MOVED TO RURAL AREAS b) CITY PEOPLE BECAME FARMERS c) EUROPE BECAME RURAL

8. C. DECLINE OF LEARNING 1. FEW COULD READ OR WRITE (LITERATE) 2. CHURCH OFFICIALS ONLY LITERATES 3. GREEK & ROMAN CULTURES NEARLY LOST

9. ...LEARNING 4. GERMANIC CULTURE – ORAL CULTURE

10. D. LOSS OF COMMON LANGUAGE 1. DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGES a) LATIN NO LONGER UNDERSTOOD BY MOST

11. …LANGUAGE b) ROMAN BASED LANGUAGES (DIALECTS) EVOLVED AROUND 800 A.D. (ROMANCE LANGUAGES)

12. …LANGUAGES c) LATIN LANGUAGE CARRIED TO GERMANIC TRIBES BY ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

13. III. GERMANIC KINGDOMS EMERGE A. INTRODUCTION 1. GERMANIC KINGDOMS a) REPLACED ROMAN PROVINCES b) CONSTANT WARFARE

14. …KINGDOMS EMERGE 2. CHURCH a) SURVIVED THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE b) PROVIDED SECURITY AND ORDER

15. B. CONCEPT OF GOVERNMENT CHANGES 1. GERMANIC COMMUNITIES a) LIVED IN SMALL COMMUNITIES (TRIBES) b) GOVERNED BY UNWRITTEN RULES & TRADITIONS

16. 2. GERMANIC TRIBES a. WARRIORS LED BY A CHIEF b. PROVIDED FOR BY CHIEF c. FOUGHT FOR THE LORD

17. …TRIBES d) NO LOYALTY TO KING OR BUREAUCRACY e) DIFFICULT TO GOVERN LARGE TERRITORY

18. C. CLOVIS RULES THE FRANKS 1. FRANKS – GERMANIC PEOPLE LIVING IN GAUL 2. LED BY CLOVIS WHO BROUGHT REGION CHRISTIANITY

19. …CLOVIS 3. CONVERSION a) URGED BY WIFE TO CONVERT b) CLOVIS & WARRIORS BAPTIZED AFTER VICTORY

20. …CLOVIS 4. UNIFICATION a) UNITED FRANKS INTO ONE KINGDOM b) CREATED ALLIANCE WITH THE CHURCH

22. IV. GERMAN ADOPT CHRISTIANITY A. MONASTERIES & CONVENTS 1. MONASTERIES a) RURAL RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES FOR MEN

25. ...MONASTERIES b. MONKS – DEVOTED LIFE TO GOD GIVING UP POSSESSIONS c. CONVENTS – RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES FOR WOMEN (NUNS)

28. …MONASTERIES d. PARISH PRIESTS AND NUNS SERVED RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL NEEDS OF PEOPLE

29. 2. BENEDICT a) WROTE RULES FOR MONASTIC LIFE b) GUIDELINES – BECAME MODEL FOR ALL W. EUROPEAN RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES

30. ...BENEDICT c) LIFE – DEVOTED LIFE TO PRAYER AND GOOD WORKS

32. 3. EDUCATION & CULTURAL DIFFUSION a) OPENED SCHOOLS, LIBRARIES, & COPIED BOOKS b) VENERABLE BEDE – WROTE HISTORY OF ENGLAND

33. c) ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS (1) BOOKS DECORATED WITH ORNATE LETTERS AND PICTURES (2) PRESERVED GRECO/ROMAN CULTURE

37. …EDUCATION d) MONASTERIES HELPED PRESERVE GRECO/ROMAN CULTURE

38. B. PAPAL POWER UNDER GREGORY I 1. BROADENED AUTHORITY OF THE PAPACY (POPE’S ROLE) 2. SECULAR – CHURCH ASSUMED NON-RELIGIOUS DUTIES OF GOVERNMENT

39. ...GREGORY 3. SECULAR DUTIES – RAISE ARMIES, REPAIR ROADS, HELP POOR, PEACE TREATIES 4. CHRISTENDOM a) SPIRITUAL KINGDOM EXTENDING FROM ROME b) RULED BY POPE

40. V. EMPIRE EVOLVES A. INTRODUCTION 1. EUROPE DEVELOPED MANY SMALL KINGDOMS 2. LARGEST RULED BY FRANKS (GAUL)

41. ...INTRO 3. CONTROLLED BY MEROVINGIAN DYNASTY

42. B. CHARLES MARTEL EMERGES 1. MAYOR OF THE PALACE (GOVERNOR) a) IN CHARGE OF ROYAL HOUSEHOLD & ESTATES b) COMMANDED ARMIES & MADE POLICY (RULES)

43. 2. CHARLES MARTEL a) MAYOR OF THE PALACE WITH MORE POWER THAN KING b) EXTENDED KINGDOM

44. c) BATTLE OF TOURS (1) DEFEATED MUSLIMS AT BATTLE OF TOURS 732 A.D. (2) HALTED MUSLIM INVASION INTO EUROPE (3) CREATED FEUDAL SYSTEM TO SUPPORT MILITARY CAMPAIGNS

46. 3. PEPIN THE SHORT a) PROTECTED POPE & ROME FROM LOMBARDS b) POPE ANOINTED (MADE) PEPIN KING c) ESTABLISHED CAROLINGIAN DYNASTY

47. …FRANKISH KINGDOMS C. FRANKISH KINGDOMS EMERGED AS A POLITICAL FORCE IN WESTERN EUROPE

48. …FRANKISH KINGDOMS 1. POPE CROWNING EMPERORS OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE (HRE) 2. GERMANIC KINGDOMS SUPPORTING POPE AND CHRISTENDOM

50. VI. CHARLEMAGNE A. EFFECTS OF CONQUEST 1. SPREAD CHRISTIANITY 2. REUNITED WESTERN EUROPE 3. LARGER THAN BYZANTINE EMPIRE

52. 4. LEO III a) CROWNED CHARLEMAGNE HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR b) ESTABLISHED RIGHT OF CHURCH TO NAME EMPERORS

53. …LEO III C. LED TO THE SPLIT OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH (1) WEST – ROMAN CATHOLIC (2) EAST – EASTERN ORTHODOX

54. B. CHARLEMAGNE LEADS REVIVAL 1. ROYAL POWER a. LIMITED AUTHORITY OF NOBLES b. SENT OUT AGENTS TO CHECK ON NOBLES c. VISITED NOBLES REGULARY

55. 2. DUTIES a) JUDGED CASES & SETTLED DISPUTES b. MANAGED ESTATES (MANORS) WHICH WERE SOURCE OF WEALTH

56. C. CULTURAL REVIVAL 1. ENCOURAGEMENT OF LEARNING a) SURROUNDED HIMSELF WITH SCHOLARS b) OPENED PALACE SCHOOLS

57. ...LEARNING c) OPENED SCHOOLS IN MONASTERIES d) MONASTERIES COPIED LATIN TEXTS e) GRECO/ROMAN CULTURE WAS REVIVED

58. D. CHARLEMAGNE’S HEIRS 1. LOUIS – INEFFECTIVE, POOR RULER

59. 2. DIVISION OF EMPRE a. EMPIRE FOUGHT OVER BY THREE SONS b. TREATY OF VERDUN – DIVIDED CHARLEMAGNE'S EMPIRE INTO THREE PARTS c. CENTRAL AUTHORITY BROKE DOWN