The Spirit of Reform Mr. Violanti Iroquois High School Spring 2013

1. Progressive Era : Call for Reform in US by Social Darwinism : “survival of the fittest” Adapt or become extinct. 3. Muckrakers: brought issues of reform to attention of public through books, photos, news. 4. Pure Food & Drug Act : 1906, called for inspection of food plants due to unsanitary conditions. 5. The Jungle : book which detailed unsanitary conditions of the food industry. 6. Upton Sinclair : Author of The Jungle. 7. Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives author. Exposed conditions of tenement living. 8. Jane Addams : Founded Hull House in Chicago as a shelter for those without homes, and a way to provide skills. 9. Hull House : Chicago, provided help for poor immigrants.

10. WCTU: 1874, advocate of prohibition & end of alcohol. 11. Lochner v. NY : forbid a NY Law limiting hours as violation of employer contract. 12. Suffrage : Right to vote 13. Carrie Chapman Catt : started effort to bring suffrage to Women through National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) 14. Booker T. Washington : urged vocational training for African Americans to increase respect from society. (accommodation) 15. W.E.B. DuBois : Blacks should protest treatment and receive liberal education. Founded NAACP. 16. Marcus Garvey : wanted to separate African culture from whites. Urged emigration to Africa. 17. Initiative : allows voters to suggest laws. 18. Referendum : voters decide if a law should be passed.

19. Theodore Roosevelt : “Trustbuster”, Square Deal, National Parks. 20. Trust Busting : Breaking up the monopolies and trusts of the Big Business Era. 21. Northern Securities Co. v. United States : Dissolved Northern Securities using the Sherman Anti-Trust act. 22. US v. EC Knight : Sherman Act could not be used to break up EC Knight due to intrastate commerce and manufacturing. 23. Yosemite National Park : First national park. 24. William Howard Taft : followed Roosevelt. Continues reform of big business. 25. Standard Oil v. US: dissolves Oil Monopoly. “reasonable vs. unreasonable” th Amendment : Income Tax 27. Hammer v. Dagenhart : child labor laws th amendment : Women gain right to vote.

 By 1880, people believed Industrial development of the US was having bad effects upon society.  Leads to PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

 Free Enterprise / capitalism is unfair, unequal  Against violent revolution  Government must regulate business (socialism)  Government must develop social welfare programs to care for “have nots”  Vote for Women  Eliminate Alcohol  Eliminate Child Labor  Improve Working Conditions

 Helped bring about reform by bringing attention to the public through journalism.  Photos, Political Cartoons, Books.  Upton Sinclair : The Jungle leads to 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act  Jacob Riis : How the Other Half Lives  Thomas Nast : Political Cartoons attack Boss Tweed and Monopolies.

DUMBELL APARTMENT

 Focus on Women’s Rights  Also on improving slums.  Settlement Houses: “HULL HOUSE” in Chicago.

 Women’s Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon League.  Carrie A. Nation, Frances Willard  Moral reform through banning alcohol.  1920: 18 th amendment bans alcohol.

 Women’s Suffrage movement  Seneca Falls 1848  Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, NAWSA  1920—19 th amendment gives right to vote  Education for Women  Women’s Colleges: Vassar, Wellesley, Smith  The Fight for Birth Control

Derby Day, May 31, 1913: Emily DavisonEmily Davison

 To fight “Bosses” and machines  Secret Ballot  Initiative  Recall  Direct Primary  Direct Election of Senators (17 th amendment)  WISCONSIN: Robert LaFollette**  Federal Income Tax (16 th amendment)

 National Parks National Parks

DateLegislationPurpose 1890Sherman Anti-Trust ActOutlaws monopolies 1903Department of CommerceNational policies of business 1903Elkins ActIncreases power or Interstate Commerce Commission 1906Pure Food & Drug ActOutlaws interstate trade of “impure” food 1906Meat Inspection ActRequires Federal inspection of meat 1910Mann-Elkins ActPowers of ICC extend to communication 1913Department of LaborNew Cabinet Position th AmendmentFederal Income Tax th AmendmentDirect election of US Senators 1913Federal Reserve ActFederal Banking System, The FED 1914Federal Trade Commission Investigates monopolies, misleading advertising 1914Clayton Antitrust ActStrengthens Sherman Act 1916National Park ServiceAdminsters National Parks th AmendmentProhibits manufacture, sale, transfer of alcohol th AmendmentWomen vote Federal Progressive Era Legislation: