Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane – outer boundary –In plants & animals –Structure: Phospholipid bilayer –hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails Contains lipids (bilayer), proteins (channels), and carbohydrate chains (identification cards) –Function: Regulates what enters and leaves the cell Semi-permeable membrane Protection and support

In plants and animals Function: –Information center of the cell –Contains DNA (chromatin vs. chromosomes) –Directs/controls cell activities Nucleus - control center

In plants & animals Function: –a small, darkened region in the nucleus that is made up of RNA and proteins –where ribosomes are made Nucleolus -

Mitochondria In plants & animals Structure: –Double membrane Cristae - inner folds, increase surface area Outer membrane for protection of cell Function: –“Powerhouse” of the cell –Able to self-replicate (  # in cells with high energy need) –Releases energy from food for the organism to use

Ribosomes In plants & animals Structure: –Little “dots” –Small (25 nm) ball-like structures –Found free-floating in cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum –Composed of RNA and protein Function: –Synthesis of proteins (where proteins are made)

In plants & animals Structure: –Network of flattened sacs –Can be rough (w/ ribosomes) or smooth (w/o) Function: –Transport materials within or out of cell – intracellular highway –Synthesis of macromolecules Rough - proteins, lipids, carbs Smooth - lipids Endoplasmic Reticulum

Lysosome In animals only Structure: –Small, circular structures –Found only in animal cells –Contain digestive enzymes Function: –Digestion of: Worn out organelles Debris Large ingested particles –Lysosomes are responsible for your hands not being webbed!!

Golgi Apparatus In plants & animals Structure: –Flattened stacks of membranes –Vesicles attached to top and bottom Function: –Collection, modification, packaging of proteins and other substances Vesicles attach, deposit materials GA modifies materials based on needs Vesicles attach to membrane and distribute modified substances

Vacuole In plants - 1 large, central In animals – several small Function: –Storage of water, salts, proteins, carbohydrates, waste products –Pressure system for plants, prevents wilting –Special case: contractile vacuole - prevents excess water intake, leading to cell-bursting

Cell Wall – surrounds the cell membrane Only in plants (& algae & some bacteria) Lies outside the cell membrane Function –Helps to protect and support the cell –Very porous (water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc. can pass through easily) –Gives rectangular shape to plant cells

Plastids Only in plants Function: –Chloroplast - Conversion of light energy (sun) into chemical energy (glucose/food) –Chromoplasts – Store pigments (ex. carrot root cells, flower petals) –Amyloplasts - Store food/starch

Cytoskeleton - framework In plants – microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments In animals – all Function: maintains cell shape and provides internal support –Microtubules - hollow tubes of proteins, hold organelles in place, maintain shape, act as tracks that guide organelle movement –Intermediate filaments – rods that anchor organelles in place –Microfilaments – long & threadlike, used for cell movement –Cilia – short, hairlike projections used for cell movement –Flagella – long, taillike projections used for movement –Centrioles – organize microtubules during cell division

Who Am I? (quick review) I stated all plants are made of cells I stated all cells come from the division of preexisting cells I coined the term “cell” when I looked at slices of cork and dead plant cells I am given credit for developing the 1st mini microscope and I looked at pond water and made detailed drawings I discovered all animals are made of cells

List 3 organelles you learned about today. Describe the function of each of the organelles you listed. Yes, you should write your name on the paper