Lecture 3 Overview of the Body A Brief Introduction

Reflection: “Your body is a temple, only if you treat it as one” ***Select 2 topics*** Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) on your interpretation of the quote. Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about what you believe is an “amazing” function of the human body. Write a paragraph (5-7 sentences) about ways people do NOT treat their body as a “temple.”

Objectives List seven cell functions Identify three main parts of the cell & explain their functions Describe the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and systems of the body Identify terms relating to the body

Do Now Explain why health care workers must have a basic knowledge of body structures and how they function.

The Cell Cell – smallest structural section in the body that is capable of independent functioning. ◦ building block of the body ◦ Microscopic: can only be seen w/ a microscope Body is made up of millions cells ◦ Each cell is programmed for a specific job ◦ Many cells repair themselves

The Cell Each cell ◦ Reproduces ◦ Grows ◦ Uses oxygen & nutrients ◦ Digests food for energy ◦ Eliminates waster ◦ Produces heat & energy ◦ Able to move around

Structure of the Cell Nucleus: regulates cell; vital for cell’s growth, metabolism, reproduction, and transmitted characteristics Cytoplasm: jellylike liquid that surrounds nucleus; where the activities of cell occur Cell membrane: thin, soft layer that surrounds the cell & holds it together; allows matter to flow in and out of the cell

Tissues Tissues: groups of cells of the same type that act together to perform a specific function ◦ Tissues have a specific job Four primary kinds of tissues ◦ Nerve ◦ Epithelial ◦ Connective ◦ Muscle What about blood? How do we classify blood? Blood is a connective tissue!

Tissues of the Body Type of TissueLocation in the BodyFunction Nerve tissueThroughout the bodySends impulses to/from the central nervous system & to/from the body systems Epithelial tissueForms the outer skin and lines body cavities and passages to the outside of the body Protects, secretes, absorbs, & receives sensations (e.g., hot, cold, pressure) Connective tissueBones, tendons, fat tissue **Blood Binds, supports & connects body tissues Muscle tissue 1.Cardiac 2.Smooth 3.Striated 1.Heart muscle 2.Internal organs (stomach, diaphragm) 3.Throughout body for movement 1.Contracts heart 2.Contracts internal organs 3.Contracts & flexes to allow movement

Organs Organs are made up of specialized tissues that allow each part of an organ to performs its own specific function. Several different types of tissue for one organ ◦ Example: heart = connective + cardiac + nerve

Systems System is a group of organs working together to perform a certain function

The Body Systems Skeletal system Muscular system Circulatory system Lymphatic system Respiratory system Digestive system Excretory/Urinary system Endocrine system Nervous system Reproductive system Integumentary system

The Organization CellTissueOrganSystemHuman

Planes & Directions of the Body You must know ◦ To document information about patients ◦ To specify regions or directions

Common Planes of the Body Axial/Transverse plane (horizontal) ◦ Upper vs. Lower Coronal/Frontal plane (vertical) ◦ Front vs. Back Sagittal planes ◦ Left vs. Right

Most Common Body Directions Cranial (superior): located near the head Caudal (inferior): located toward the sacral (tailbone) region Superior: above or in a higher position ◦ The head is superior to neck Inferior: below, lower ◦ The knee is inferior to thigh Ventral or anterior: located near the surface or in front of coronal (frontal) plane Dorsal or posterior: located to the back of the coronal plane

Most Common Body Directions Medial: near the center or midline of the sagittal plane ◦ Think of midline as dividing body in ½ Lateral: away from the midline of the sagittal plane Proximal: nearest point of attachment Distal: farthest from the point of attachment or the midline

Body Directions

Cavities of the Body We have cavities ◦ in the front of our body = ventral ◦ in the back of our body = dorsal

Ventral Cavities - Front Thoracic Cavity – houses the heart, lungs, large blood vessels Abdominal Cavity – houses the stomach, most of the intestines, kidney, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen Pelvic Cavity – houses the urinary bladder, part of intestine, rectum, parts of reproductive system

Dorsal Cavities - Back Cranial cavity – houses the brain Spinal/Vertebral cavity – houses the spinal cord

Body Cavities

Jobs & Professions Medical Doctor (MD or DO) A licensed physician responsible for comprehensive patient care Microbiologist A scientist who studies microbes, or living organisms and infectious agents that are too small to be seen by the naked eye Pathologist Medical doctor who examines tissue specimens, cells, & bodily fluids through laboratory tests then interprets results for diagnosis

Jobs & Professions Registered Nurse (RN) Involved in all aspects of patient care from treating, giving medication to performing tests Nurse Practitioner (NP) RN who received additional education & clinical training in diagnosis & treatment of illness License Practical (LPN) & Vocational Nurse (LVN) Provides basic bedside care for patients under supervision of a MD/DO or RN Nursing Assistant (NA) Work under direct supervision of nurse