Study of Biology

Think: How can you tell if something is alive?

What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals

All Living Things Share Common Characteristics Basic Unit is the Cell They Reproduce All Based On Universal Genetic Code (DNA) Grow & Develop

Common Characteristics Obtain & Use Materials & Energy Respond To Their Environment Maintain A Stable Internal Environment AS A GROUP, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time

Characteristics of Organisms

Definition – biology: The study of life bio = life ology = the study of All living things – 8 life functions

1.Transport: - absorption and circulation of materials

2.Respiration: - chemical process - how we obtain energy from food

exhale 3. Excretion: - removal of metabolic (cellular, liquid) wastes deamination

4. Synthesis: (to make) - chemical activity - smaller molecules  bigger molecules

#5 Regulation: - control and coordination of life activities - Nervous System + Endocrine System = Regulation

6. Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits

Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring DIFFERENT from parents

Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent

Cells Have a Genetic Code

Genetic Code DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms All organisms contain DNA DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work

7. Growth

Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism

8. NUTRITION: Cells Require Food & Energy

Ingest: - taking in of food 21

- breaking down of food to absorb nutrients Digest: - breaking down of food to absorb nutrients 22

- removal of undigested food (solid) Egest: - removal of undigested food (solid) 23

Tuesday September 11 AIM: How do organisms stay “healthy?” DO NOW: you have 7 MINUTES to complete the living/nonliving chart! -Go around the room and find 5 living and 5 nonliving “things” and tell me 3 REASONS WHY you decided each was alive or not! HW: Vocabulary Worksheet

Food Requirements Autotrophs can make their own food Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis)

Food Requirements Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food They must consume other organisms Herbivores eat plants Carnivores eat meat Omnivores eat plants & animals

Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism All require energy Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth

metabolism growth synthesis regulation nutrition excretion transport Two Key Words – Life Functions: A. Metabolism: All 8 life functions working together to sustain life – A Species must do all of them! growth synthesis regulation metabolism nutrition excretion transport respiration reproduction

Homeostasis Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc. http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/endocrine/adam-200092.html

September 12, 2012 AIM: To understand the 8 life functions DO NOW  : 1. Take out HW 2. THINK: What do you think would happen if an organism FAILED TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS??? HW: STUDY: Life Functions QUIZ tomorrow

Life Functions Practice Questions The passage of salts into and out of cells is most closely associated with the life process a. transport b. respiration c. reproduction d. digestion

Life Functions Practice Questions Stained yeast were added to a paramecium culture, and some of the yeast were ingested by the paramecium. This activity is most closely associated with which life function? A)  synthesis B)  regulation C)  nutrition D) growth

Life Functions Practice Questions When do green plants carry on cellular respiration? (HINT: WHEN do living organisms need energy?) a. only during the night b. only during the day c. during both the night and the day d. neither during the night nor during the day

Life Functions Review Questions Every single-celled organism is able to survive because it carries out a. metabolic activities b. autotrophic nutrition c. heterotrophic nutrition d. sexual reproduction

Life Functions Review Questions One characteristic of all living things is that they a. develop organ systems b. produce identical offspring c. maintain internal stability d. synthesize only inorganic matter

Life Functions Review The removal of carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes from an organism illustrates the life function known as a. regulation b. nutrition c. respiration d. excretion

Life Functions Review Which life activity is not required for the survival of an individual organism a. nutrition b. respiration c. reproduction d. synthesis