1. Chapter 1, Section 1 Pages 3-10
What is Biology?
Chapter 1, Section 1
Pages 3-10

2. What is Biology? BIOLOGY is the study of life.
Living things are called ORGANISMS.
Include animals, plants, fungi, protist, and bacteria.
Organisms do NOT exist in isolation, they are all functioning parts in the delicate balance of nature.

3. Characteristics of Living Things
All Living things share common characteristics:
Made up of one or more cells
Based on universal Code (DNA)
They reproduce
Obtain and use materials and energy
They grow and develop
Respond to a stimulus
Maintain a stable internal environment
All living things adapt and evolve over time

4. Organisms are grouped by their number of Cells
UNICELLULAR- One celled organisms such as bacteria.
MULTICELLULAR – Many celled organisms such as humans

6. Ex: Plant and Animal Cells
Cell Facts
Cells can be EUKARYOTIC, cells that contain a nucleus.
Cells can be PROKARYOTIC, cells that DO NOT have a nucleus.
Ex: Plant and Animal Cells
Ex: Bacteria Cells

8. Cells Have a Genetic Code

9. They Reproduce
Must be able to produce a new member of it’s own species.
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
When 2 members of a species come together and exchange DNA to make a new member that is NOT identical to parents
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
When 1 parent divides into two new identical cells.

10. Obtain Materials
Organisms must be able to obtain materials needed for survival.
Plants need WATER and Carbon Dioxide to make their own food (Autotrophs)
Animals need FOOD (Heterotrophs) and OXYGEN
Must be able to use ENERGY (the ability to do work) in food.
Cellular Respiration – Releasing the chemical energy stored in food.

11. Grow and Develop Organisms GROW by making more cells and by enlarging
Organisms DEVELOP as they mature into the adult organism

12. Respond to a Stimuli
Organisms RESPOND to a STIMULI in their environment in order to survive and reproduce.
Respond to:
Temperature
Water
Food Supplies

13. Homeostasis Keeping the cell in a state of balance.
Keeping the internal environment of the organisms within the ranges required for life
Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc.

14. Adapt to Environment
Organisms must ADAPT to their ever changing environment.
These adaptations within groups of organisms can lead to EVOLUTION.
Scientists use the Fossil Record to show evolution of a species.