1. Organization of Living Things and Life Processes
BIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF LIFE.

2. I. Organization of Living Things
MULTICELLULAR
ORGANISMS
Complex- many cells
UNICELLULAR
ORGANISMS
simple-ONE celled

3. II. Chemical Composition of Living Things
A. Living things are made of four main elements
Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and
nitrogen (N)
B. These elements combine to form molecules.

4. contain BOTH carbon and hydrogen
1. Organic Molecules
contain BOTH carbon and hydrogen
proteins, fats, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
Proteins
(& enzymes)
Carbohydrates
(glucose)
DNA

5. 2. Inorganic molecules - does not contain both carbon & hydrogen but can contain other combinations of elements
Includes salts (NaCl) and minerals
Acids and bases
Gases – oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
Water (H2O) –most abundant substance in the human body

6. III. Four Characteristics of ALL Living Things
Living things are made of CELLS that contain DNA
Living things have a METABOLISM to help them use energy to live, grow, and develop.
THE SUM TOTAL OF ALL LIFE FUNCTIONS.
Living things maintain HOMEOSTASIS: a stable internal environment
Ex: Your body sweats in order to maintain a proper internal temperature
Living things REPRODUCE

7. IV. Similarities and Differences Among Living Things
A. Living things go about the 4 characteristics in similar AND different ways B. All living things carry on the life functions.

8. response to the environment
Properties of life
growth and development
reproduction
order
response to the environment
homeostasis
energy utilization
evolutionary adaptation
4/24/2017
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9. V. Life Functions or Processes
1. Nutrition: The process of obtaining food (nutrients).
Ingestion –taking food in.
Digestion- breaking down of food so that it can be absorbed by the body.
Egestion- elimination of undigested food (solid waste).
Heterotroph -vs-autotroph nutrition – d o you know the difference?

10. Life Functions or Processes
2. Transport : The absorption of materials and the circulation (distribution) of materials to all the cells of an organism.
3. Respiration : The chemical activities that release energy from food.
{Ex. Oxygen + glucose yields carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY]
This energy is needed to maintain life (called ATP).

11. Life Functions or Processes
4. Synthesis : “to make” combining simple substances to make more complex substances, or making things the body needs.
[Ex. Starches from simple sugars]
5. Excretion : Getting rid of cellular waste such as CARBON DIOXIDE(CO2), WATER (H2O) and SALTS (NaCl).

12. 8. Reproduction: ability of organisms to form more of its own kind
6. Regulation : Responding (or coordinating ) to changes in the environment to maintain homeostasis. EX: Your pupils dilate to react to low lighting situation.
7. Growth: increase in living matter by increasing cell size or cell number
8. Reproduction: ability of organisms to form more of its own kind
*(not needed for an organism’s survival but necessary for the survival of the species)
Metabolism: the sum total of all life processes
needed to sustain life
Vocab Quizlet on LE homepage
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13. Reviewbook Answers pgs 4-5 #1-10
1).any 2 of the following: Made of cells; maintain homeostasis; require energy to live; respire; etc.
2) 3
3) 2
4) to look for cells
5) 4
6) 1
7) 2
8) any 2 of the following: living things maintain homeostasis; reproduce; made of functioning cells; require energy; etc whereas nonliving doesn’t
9) 4
10) 3