1. Characteristics of Life 8 Life Functions

2. What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things
Living things are called organisms
Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals
All living things share a group of characteristics.

3. 8 Life Processes
Something is only alive if it does all eight processes.

4. Transport
Regulation
Nutrition
Grow & Develop
5. Excretion
6. Respiration
7. Synthesis
8. Reproduction

5. Transport All living things circulate materials
Individual cells must circulate materials within themselves
Organisms must be able to transport materials around the entire organism
Nutrients and wastes are two materials that are transported.

6. Regulation All living things are sensitive
They respond to their environment
All living things respond to changes in their environment. Living things notice changes in their surroundings and react to them. They maintain an internal balance called homeostasis.
Eg. Plants grow towards the light.
Eg. People react to the temperature around them

7. Regulation
Organisms Respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce

8. Nutrition Food is used to provide energy.
Green plants make their own food using sunlight.
Animals eat plants or other animals.
Autotrophs can make their own food
Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis)
Chemoautotrophs use chemicals such as iron & sulfur as their energy

9. Growth and Development

10. Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT
Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism

11. Excretion All living things get rid of wastes
Waste substances must be removed from the body.
Plants and animals both need to get rid of waste gas and water.

12. Respiration Cellular Respiration
Plants and animals use the oxygen in the air to turn food into energy.
This process occurs on a cellular level
All living things require Food & Energy
Cellular Respiration
Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods
6O2 + C6H12O CO2 + 6H2O

13. Synthesis
All living organisms create complex substances in their bodies from simpler ones.
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms
All organisms contain DNA
DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work

14. Reproduction Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits
Two Types of Reproduction
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction
This life processes also occurs in each organism for repair and renewal.
This is the only life process that is not necessary for the survival of the organism

15. Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism
All require energy
Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth

16. Homeostasis
Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life
Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc

17. Organization of Life Atoms Molecules Organelles
Cells – life starts here
Tissues
Organs
System
Organism

18. Organization of Life
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere