Electronics for PS and LHC transformers Grzegorz Kasprowicz Supervisor: David Belohrad AB-BDI-PI Technical student report
Why new PS transformers electronics is needed? Current calibration procedure doesn't allow full scale calibration on the low sensitivity range -> source of error It does not support remote adjustments (required by LHC) Calibrators work only in manual mode – require operator in place they are installed during calibration procedure
PS integrators – following conceptions were built and tested Analogue integrator solution based on diode switches and high speed OPAMPs Analogue integrator solution based on IVC102U integrated chip Digital solution based on High Speed ADCs
Analogue integrators prototype board
Analogue integrator 1 This version was implemented using diode switches driven by current switches. The linearization block that compensates diode switches nonlinearities was used High speed voltage feedback opamps were used Linearity results meet PS needs
Integrator 1 linearity results
Analogue integrator 2 Based on IVC102U chip, which integrates operational amplifier, switches and capacitors. Too slow for PS application – minimum integration time is ~30us while 5us is needed – it saturates output when clocked too fast.
Digital integrator Existing project PCBs (CCD camera) were used. It consists of: FPGA, 8051 microcontroller with USB 2.0 interface, SDRAM memory, power supply, 2x 12bit 210MS/s ADC, configuration and program EEPROM, input amplifiers. The input signal is sampled and integral over specified period is calculated digitally in FPGA. Then the result is stored in RAM and transferred to PC via USB
Digital integrator prototype board - existing project was used 2x ADC 12bits 210MHz FPGA USB Program EEPROM USB Connector
Digital integrator – linearity results
Digital Integrator Linearity measured meets PS requirements, but there is expected further improvement caused by proper clocking and noise. This version was chosen to realization as final prototype due to it’s simplicity, reliability and measurement parameters.
Digital integrator - advantages No precision analog components required, only input amplifier, Low Pass Filter and ADC driver Linearity guaranteed by ADC Good thermal stability Simplicity – fewer component count that improves reliability Thanks to FPGA, function of device can be changed remotely
Linearity measurement test bench Integrators 1 and 2 were connected to digital integrator board to simplify measurements Simple control application working under Windows was written to allow easy control of integrators parameters and results acquisition
Testbench
Control application
PS Calibrators – following conceptions were built and tested PS Calibrators – following conceptions were built and tested Charge calibrator with 200V DC/DC converter Current calibrator – switched current source 4A/200V
PS charge calibrator How does it work? Disadvantages Newer version of existing calibrator – instead of mechanical switch, MOSFET was used. This allows remote operation Integrated 12V/300V DC/DC converter that simplifies supply
Charge calibrator prototype
PS current calibrator How does it work? Disadvantages There was built adjustable pulse current source – 0..4A / 50 Ohm Switch on/off time <100ns Problems with thermal stability, linearity and transients occurred – improved solution with compensation was developed Prototype was built using discrete components (transistors only), improved version uses CFA and MOS drivers
PS current calibrator
VME Intensity measurement system for PS Compact single board solution based on VME bus Integrated current/charge calibrator Integrated HV DC/DC converter Based on FPGA technology ensures high flexibility Two high speed ADCs working in parallel System can be used for another data acquisition applications All functions and adjustments controlled remotely: - Integration delay, gate time - Integration delay, gate time - calibration delay, pulse width, gate time & delay - calibration delay, pulse width, gate time & delay - offset compensation gate& delay, analogue compensation - offset compensation gate& delay, analogue compensation - calibrators voltage and current - calibrators voltage and current - …. - ….
VME board block schematic FPGABUFFERS ADC 12bit 210Ms/s ADC 12bit 210Ms/s Input Filter And Attenuator VME IN Power Supply 1.5V 2.5V 3.3V 5V -5V programmable DC/DC 12V/200V converter Current calibrator – Programmable pulse current Source – 0..4A,max 200V Charge calibrator Switched capacitor OUT I OUT Q
VME integrator parameters VME 32bit interface FPGA 6k Logic Elements 2xADC 12 bit,210Ms/s with LVDS All VME signals are buffered HV DC/DC converter V programmable range with output voltage monitor Pulse current source 0..4A programmable range 10.5 ENOB with 50 Ohm input short Linearity better than 0.2% Offset compensation (analog and digital)
VME integrator - prototype FPGA Bus buffers LPF 2x ADC 12bit,210MS Supply regulators DC/DC converter Calibrators
VME board – final version
VME measurement system status The new board is assembled and soon will be ready for tests The single test software running on VME controller is written The software group (M.Ludwig, J.J.Gras) is working on drivers
VME board – final version Ready-made PCB shielding used Compensated current calibrator Current feedback controller in DC/DC converter Test outputs on the front panel Status LEDs on the front panel Polymer fuses added Board address selection switch Fixed minor bugs
Fast integrator for LHC Existing integrated (LHC-2002) requires using 2 or more channels to achieve 30dB of dynamic range. The improvement of dynamic range gives the possibility to use one measurement range only Low input voltage range Too high input voltage causes chip damage There is under development discrete solution
Fast integrator for LHC – version 1 Based on diode switches driven by transformers 2 versions of diode drivers built and tested (integrated and discrete one) High speed VFA and CFA tested – problems with stability occurred Discrete version of CFA developed – problem with output range and power dissipation of used transistors Problem with too high reset time
Fast integrator for LHC – version 1
Fast integrator for LHC – version 2 Solved problem with power limitation of transistors and output voltage range Still too high reset time (ECL logic used) Diodes replaced by MOSFET SRD solves problems with reset time – still under development
Fast integrator for LHC – version 2 - block schematic ECL timing Current follower IN OUT Pulse trafo CLK
Fast integrator for LHC – version 2
Fast integrator for LHC – version 3
LHC integrator testbench Based on Cyclone FPGA Development KIT Small mezzanine module was developed 14bit, 60MS ADC + drivers It was used to measure integrator’s linearity
LHC integrator testbench
LHC integrator linerity
The following projects are currently under development VME Intensity measurement system for PS Fast integrator for LHC (alternative for existing integrated solution)