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Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:Students and the Counterculture Section 2:Section 2:The Feminist Movement Section 3:Section 3:Latino Americans Organize Visual Summary

Chapter Intro 1 Students and the Counterculture How did students and the counterculture want to change society?

Section 1 The Counterculture Counterculture youths tried to create an alternative to mainstream culture.

Section 1 Young Americans who rejected the system entirely and tried to create a new lifestyle created what became known as the counterculture and were commonly called “hippies.” counterculturehippies Many hippies wanted to live together in communes. communes A famous hippie destination was San Francisco’s Haight-Ashbury district. The Counterculture (cont.)

Section 1 Although the counterculture declined without achieving its utopian ideals, it did change some aspects of American culture, such as fashion and music. Counterculture musicians made use of folk music and the rhythms of rock ’n’ roll and wrote heartfelt lyrics that expressed the hopes and fears of their generation. People gathered to listen to music at festivals such as Woodstock. The Counterculture (cont.)

Section 1 The Rise of the Youth Movement The youth protest movement of the 1960s included Students for a Democratic Society and the Free Speech Movement.

Section 1 On college campuses across the nation, youth protest movements began and reached their peak. Youth who thought that the small, wealthy elite controlled politics formed what came to be known as the New Left. Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) defined its views in a 1962 declaration known as the Port Huron Statement, written largely by Tom Hayden. The Rise of the Youth Movement (cont.)

Chapter Intro 2 The Feminist Movement What were the goals of the feminist movement that began in the 1960s?

Section 2 A Renewed Women’s Movement Women in the 1960s and 1970s began creating organizations to change society through education and legislative action.

Section 2 Feminism had been a weak and often embattled force since the adoption of the Nineteenth Amendment guaranteeing women’s voting rights in 1920.Feminism By the early 1960s, many women were increasingly resentful of a world where newspaper ads separated jobs by gender, banks denied them credit, and they were often paid less for the same work.gender A Renewed Women’s Movement (cont.)

Section 2 Betty Friedan tried to describe the reasons for the discontent of homemakers in her book The Feminine Mystique. Congress gave the women’s movement another boost by including them in the 1964 Civil Rights Act. A Renewed Women’s Movement (cont.)

Section 2 Friedan and other women set out to form the National Organization for Women (NOW). By July 1972, the movement had its own magazine, Ms., with Gloria Steinem as its editor. A Renewed Women’s Movement (cont.)

Section 2 Successes and Failures The women’s movement made gains for women in education and employment but has not achieved complete equality for women.

Section 2 The women’s movement seemed to be off to a strong start when Congress passed the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in March However, it was met with strong opposition by people who felt it would deny women of their traditional gender base rights; (i.e. not subject to draft) The Amendment failed to get required number of states in time to meet the 1982 deadline. Successes and Failures (cont.)

Section 2 One major achievement of the movement came in the area of education. In 1972 Congress passed a law known collectively as the Educational Amendments. Title IX prohibits federally funded schools from discriminating against women in nearly all aspects of their operations. Successes and Failures (cont.)

Section 2 One of the most important goals for many women activists was the repeal of laws against abortion. The big change came with the 1973 Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade. The Supreme Court modified Roe v. Wade in the 1992 case Planned Parenthood v. Casey. Successes and Failures (cont.)

Figure 1

Vocab1 counterculture a culture with values and beliefs different from those of the mainstream

Vocab2 hippies refers to young Americans, especially during the 1960s, who reject the conventions of established society

Vocab3 commune a group living arrangement in which members share everything and work together

Vocab5 conformity agreement in form, manner, or character

Vocab6 feminism the belief that men and women should be equal politically, economically, and socially

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