Biological Molecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Subunit = simple sugars Main function = short term energy storage Three Types –Monosaccharides –Disaccharides –Polysaccharides

Monosaccharides Single Sugars (simple sugar) Three Types –Glucose –Fructose –Galactose C 6 H 12 O 6

Disaccharides Two Sugars Three Types –Sucrose = glucose + fructose –Maltose = glucose + glucose –Lactose = glucose + galactose

Polysaccharides Many sugars – many molecules of glucose linked together

Polysaccharides Three types: 1.Cellulose – found in plant cells  Not digestible by humans 2.Starch – found in fruit, seeds, and tubers of plants  Examples: Potatoes, corn, rice and wheat  Digestible by humans 3.Glycogen – found in animal muscle cells  Digestible by humans

Proteins Many Functions Repair Growth & development Fingernails & hair  Enzymes Subunit = Amino Acids

Lipids (fats) Subunits = glycerol and fatty acids 1) Triglycerides = glycerol + 3 fatty acids  Most common type of lipid  Long term energy storage

Nucleic Acids Subunit = Nucleotides Function = carry genetic information Examples = DNA & RNA Nucleotide

Notes Review 1.Glucose + Galactose = ______________ 2.What type of carbohydrate is this? 3.This type of polysaccharide is found in plants and is digestible by humans. Lactose Monosaccharide Starch

Notes Review 4. What is the function of a lipid? Long term energy storage 5. What are the subunits of a protein? Amino Acids 6. What are two examples of nucleic acids? DNA & RNA 7. Draw a diagram of a lipid.