1. Life Substances

2. Carbohydrate Structure
Carbs are a main source of energy, excess sugar is stored as starch
Monosaccharide - single 6 C sugar
Ex: glucose, galactose, fructose (C6 H12O6)
Isomers- compounds that differ in structure but not in molecular composition
Disaccharides: 2 monosaccharides combined
Example: lactose = glucose + galactose
Polysaccharides – 3 or more monosaccharides
Example: glycogen, starch, cellulose

3. Cellulose- celery (cell walls)
Starch-noodles, potatoes
Glycogen- energy stored in liver

4. Lipids Ex: fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
Insoluble in water b/c nonpolar molecules
Fatty acid- long chain of C and H
If there is a double bond in it = unsaturated (oils)
If there is NO double bond = saturated (butter, lard)

5. Proteins Made up of amino acids A.A. joined together by peptides bonds
Over 20 amino acids are found in nature
Contracting muscles, transport O2, provide immunity, regulate proteins, carry out chemical rxns

7. ENZYME- protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction
Involved in almost ALL metabolic processes
Ex: digest food

8. Nucleic Acid
Made up of nucleotides (5- C sugar, phosphate grp, nitrogen base)
Store and transmit hereditary info (DNA and RNA)